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NEURO > CRANIAL NERVES PT1 > Flashcards

CRANIAL NERVES PT1 Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic nucleus

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

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1
Q

Form a V shape as they curve over the dorsal aspect of the oculomotor nuclei and fuse anteriorly in the midline

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

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1
Q

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus:

Fibers from pupils run in superficial and medial portion of ________________

A

oculomotor nerve

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1
Q

Axons accompany the other oculomotor fibers to orbit

Synapse with ciliary ganglioEdinger-Westphal Nucleus

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

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1
Q

Short ciliary nerves

Constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

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1
Q

Receives ______________ for accommodation reflex, and __________________ for the direct and consensual light reflexes

A

corticonuclear fibers, fibers from pretectal nucleus

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1
Q

Oculomotor Nerve Course:

Lie in lateral wall of cavernous sinus

Emerge on the anterior surface of the midbrain

Enter the orbits through superior orbital fissure

Continues to middle cranial fossa

Divides to superior and inferior ramus

Pass forward between PCA and SCA

A

1.) Emerge on the anterior surface of the midbrain

2.) Pass forward between PCA and SCA

3.) Continues to middle cranial fossa

4.) Lie in lateral wall of cavernous sinus

5.) Divides to superior and inferior ramus

6.) Enter the orbits through superior orbital fissure

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1
Q

Oculomotor nerve supplies the Extraocular Muscles:

A

Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique

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1
Q

Intrinsic Ocular Muscle - Parasympathetic (ciliary ganglion, short ciliary nerve) supplies:

A

Constrictor pupillae
Ciliary muscle

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2
Q

Purely Motor

GSE

Assist in turning eye ball downward and medially (intorsion and depression) = superior oblique muscle

A

TROCHLEAR NERVE (CN IV)

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3
Q

Situated in anterior part of gray matter that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct or also called

A

periaqueductal gray matte

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4
Q

Situated in anterior part of gray matter that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct

A

Trochlear Nerve Nucleus

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5
Q

Only cranial nerve that exits POSTERIORLY

Acts through the trochlea in the orbit to rotate the top of the eye medially and move it downwards

A

TROCHLEAR NERVE (CN IV)

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6
Q

Nerve fibers pass posteriorly around the central gray matter to the posterior surface of midbrain

A

Trochlear Nerve Nucleus

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7
Q

Superior orbital fissure
Most slender cranial nerve

A

TROCHLEAR NERVE (CN IV)

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8
Q

Receives corticonuclear fibers from both central hemispheres
Receive tectobulbar fibers connecting it to visual cortex

A

Trochlear Nerve Nucleus

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9
Q

Lies inferior to the oculomotor nucleus at the level of the inferior colliculus

A

Trochlear Nerve Nucleus

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10
Q

Receives fibers from MLF connecting it with CN III, VI, and VIII nuclei

A

Trochlear Nerve Nucleus

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11
Q

Arrange the trochlear Nerve Course

Pass forward through middle cranial fossa in lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

Emerges at the posterior surface of midbrain

Immediately decussates at the level of the anterior medullary vellum

Superior oblique

Enters orbit through superior orbital fissure

Turns eye downward and laterally

A

1.) Emerges at the posterior surface of midbrain

2.) Immediately decussates at the level of the anterior medullary vellum

3.) Pass forward through middle cranial fossa in lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

4.) Enters orbit through superior orbital fissure

5.) Superior oblique

6.) Turns eye downward and laterally

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12
Q

Purely motor
GSE
Turns eyeballs laterally (abduction)

A

ABDUCENS NERVE (CN VI)

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13
Q

supplies Lateral rectus for abduction of the eyes

Exits through Superior orbital fissure

A

ABDUCENS NERVE (CN VI)

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14
Q

Abducens Nerve Nucleus receives afferent _________________ from both hemispheres

A

corticonuclear fibers

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15
Q

Abducens Nerve Nucleus receives ___________ from superior colliculus

A

tectobulbar fibers

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16
Q

Beneath the floor of the upper part of the 4th ventricle

Receives fibers from MLF

A

Abducens Nerve Nucleus

17
Q

Close to the midline and under the facial colliculus

A

Abducens Nerve Nucleus

18
Q

Arrange abducens Nerve Course:

Ascend between pons and clivus

Passes anteriorly through pons and emerge in groove between lower border of pons and medulla

Passes forward through cavernous sinus, lying below and lateral to internal carotid artery

Exit the dura to enter Dorello’s canal, running between the dura and skull, under the petroclinoid ligament

Enter the orbit through superior orbital fissure

Lateral rectus (LR6)

A

1.) Passes anteriorly through pons and emerge in groove between lower border of pons and medulla

2.) Ascend between pons and clivus

3.) Exit the dura to enter Dorello’s canal, running between the dura and skull, under the petroclinoid ligament

4.) Passes forward through cavernous sinus, lying below and lateral to internal carotid artery

5.) Enter the orbit through superior orbital fissure

6.) Lateral rectus (LR6)

19
Q

Largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)

20
Q

3 divisions of trigeminal nerve:

A

Ophthalmic division (V1)

Maxillary division (V2)

Mandibular division (V3)

21
Q

Cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, and nose; mucous membrane of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity
exits Superior orbital fissure

A

GSA function of Ophthalmic division (V1)

22
Q

exit of Maxillary division (V2)

A

Foramen rotundum

22
Q

Skin of face over maxilla; teeth of upper jaw; mucous membrane of nose, maxillary sinus and palate

A

GSA function of Maxillary division (V2)

23
Q

exit of Ophthalmic division (V1)

A

Superior orbital fissure

24
Q

exit of Mandibular division (V3)

A

Foramen ovale

25
Q

skin of cheek, skin over mandible and side of head, teeth of lower jaw and TMJ; mucous membrane of mouth and anterior part of tongue
Anterior ⅔ taste of tongue

A

SVE function of Mandibular division (V3)

26
Q

muscles of mastication; mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric muscle, tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani

Ears have CN 7, 9, 10

A

GSE function of Mandibular division (V3)

27
Q

4 nuclei of trigeminal nerve :

A

Main sensory nucleus
Spinal nucleus
Mesencephalic nucleus
Motor nucleus

28
Q

Trigeminal nuclei receive GSA inputs from CN V, VII, IX and X

Touch, pain, temperature, position and vibration sense for face, sinuses and meninges

A

Trigeminal Nuclear Complex

29
Q

From CN V - sensation for face, mouth, anterior 2/3 of tongue, nasal sinuses and supratentorial dura

Smaller inputs from CN VII, IX and X – sensation for part of external ear

A

Trigeminal Nuclear Complex

30
Q

CN IX sensation to middle ear, posterior 2/3 of tongue and pharynx

CN X – infratentorial dura and some pharyngeal sensation

A

Trigeminal Nuclear Complex

30
Q

Chief or Principal Sensory Nucleus

Lies in posterior part of pons, lateral to motor nucleus

A

Main Sensory Nucleus

31
Q

Continuous below with spinal nucleus

Above with mesencephalic

A

Main Sensory Nucleus

32
Q

Fine touch, dental pressure through trigeminal lemniscus to VPM

Trigeminal nucleus crosses to opposite side of the brainstem to ascend with the medial lemniscus towards the thalamus to VPM. Tertiary neurons travel to face area of primary somatosensory cortex

A

Main Sensory Nucleus

33
Q

dorsal trigeminothalamic tract – does not decussate and travel to ipsilateral VPM conveying touch and pressure sensation from oral cavity including teeth

A

Smaller pathway – for main sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve

34
Q

Continuous superiorly with main sensory nucleus in pons

A

Spinal Nucleus

34
Q

Composed of a column of unipolar cells in the lateral part of the periaqueductal gray matter

A

Mesencephalic Nucleus

35
Q

Extends inferiorly as far as the main sensory nucleus

A

Mesencephalic Nucleus

36
Q

Extends inferiorly through the whole length of the medulla and into upper part of the spinal cord as far as C2 segment

A

Spinal Nucleus

37
Q

Proprioception from muscles of mastication, tongue and possibly from EOMs

A

Mesencephalic Nucleus

38
Q

Crude touch, pain and temperature through trigeminothalamic tract to VPM

Fibers enter lateral pons with trigeminal nerve and descend in spinal trigeminal tract to synapse with spinal nucleus

A

Spinal Nucleus

39
Q

Located in upper to mid pons near the level of trigeminal nerve exit from brainstem

Situated in the pons medial to the main sensory nucleus

A

Motor Nucleus

40
Q

Secondary neurons from spinal nucleus cross to ascend as trigeminothalamic tract (ventral trigeminothalamic tract)

A

Spinal Nucleus

41
Q

Synapse with VPM and tertiary neuronal fibers travel in internal capsule to reach primary somatosensory cortex

A

Spinal Nucleus

42
Q

uns inferomedial to trigeminal ganglion along the floor of Meckel’s cave then joins V3 to exit via foramen ovale

A

Motor Root of motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

43
Q

Supplies muscles of mastication and smaller muscles (tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric)

A

Motor Nucleus

44
Q

Rests on upper surface of petrous part of the temporal bone in middle cranial fossa

Pass forward out of the posterior cranial fossa

Leaves anterior aspect of pons as small motor and large sensory root

Large sensory root expands to form trigeminal ganglion

Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves arise from anterior border of the ganglion

V1 – sensory – superior orbital fissure
V2 – sensory – foramen rotundum
V3 – motor and sensory – foramen ovale

A

1.) Leaves anterior aspect of pons as small motor and large sensory root

2.) Pass forward out of the posterior cranial fossa

3.) Rests on upper surface of petrous part of the temporal bone in middle cranial fossa

4.) Large sensory root expands to form trigeminal ganglion

5.) Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves arise from anterior border of the ganglion

6.) V1 – sensory – superior orbital fissure
V2 – sensory – foramen rotundum
V3 – motor and sensory – foramen ovale

44
Q

Semilunar or gasserian ganglion

A

Trigeminal Ganglion

45
Q

Sensory ganglion of trigeminal nerve

A

Trigeminal Ganglion

46
Q

Lies in Meckel’s cave - small fossa just posterior and inferolateral to cavernous sinus

A

Trigeminal Ganglion

NEURO (7 decks)

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