Cranial Nerves and Epilepsy Flashcards
Where does CNV (1) exit the skull?
Superior orbital fissure
Where does CNV (2) exit the skull?
Foramen rotundum
Where does CNV (3) exit the skull?
Foramen ovale
Where does CNVII exit the skull?
Internal acoustic meatus
Where does CNIX exit the skull?
Jugular foramen
Where does CNXII exit the skull?
Hypoglossal canal
Describe CNV
- Trigeminal
- Emerges from the pons with 3 divisions
- Mixed nerve with sensory and motor function
Name 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve
- Ophthalmic
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
Describe 5 sensory functions of the ophthalmic nerve
- Cornea
- Skin of forehead
- Scalp
- Eyelids
- Mucous membranes of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity
Describe 3 sensory functions of the maxillary nerve
- Skin over maxilla
- Upper teeth
- Mucous membrane of nose, maxillary sinus and palate
Describe the pathway of the maxillary nerve with regards to LA
- Enters infraorbital canal and exits through infraorbital foramen
- Gives of palatine nerves which can be blocked with anaesthetic
- Posterior and anterior superior alveolar nerves supply upper teeth
Describe 5 motor functions of the mandibular nerve
- Muscles of mastication
- Mylohyoid
- Anterior belly of digastric
- Tensor veli palatine
- Tensor tympani
Describe 5 sensory functions of the mandibular nerve
- Skin of cheek
- Skin over mandible and side of head
- Teeth of lower jaw and TMJ
- Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
- Mucous membrane of lower jaw
Describe the important branches of the mandibular nerve
- Splits into posterior and anterior division
- Anterior gives of buccal nerve which provides sensation to buccal mucosa
- Posterior division gives off lingual and inferior alveolar nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve terminates in mental and incisive nerves
Describe sensory trigeminal neuropathy
- Progressive, painless loss of trigeminal sensation
- Normally unilateral
- May affect one or all trigeminal division
- No motor weakness
Name a common syndrome associated with sensory trigeminal neuropathy
Numb chin syndrome
Describe numb chin syndrome
- Sensory neuropathy presenting in numbness of chin
- Important symptom of metastatic disease (multiple reasons)
Describe trigeminal neuralgia
- Vascular compression of CNV
- Episodic neuropathic pain
- F>M
- 45 to 59 years old
- Related to pathology of idiopathic damage
Describe CN VII
- Facial nerve
- Mixed nerve with motor and sensory function