Anatomy - Sytemic Circulation : Arteries & Veins

Question 1

Where is the descending thoracic aorta?

Answer 1

It is in the posterior mediastinum. The thoracic aorta begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra where it continues with the aortic arch, and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it becomes the abdominal aorta.

Question 2

What are the main branches of the descending aorta?

Answer 2

Pericardial branches (surrounding heart)
Bronchial arteries (lungs)
Oesophageal arteries (oesophagus)
Superior phrenic arteries (diaphragm)
Posterior intercostal arteries (thoracic wall)

Question 3

What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 3

5 paired (parietal) branches - 1 inferior phrenic art. , 4 lumbar arteries (posterior) 
3 paired (visceral) branches -  renal arteries (kidney), suprarenal arteries (suprarenal arteries), gonadal arteries (ovarian/ testicular arteries) 
3 unpaired (GIT) branches - 1 celiac trunk, 1 superior mesenteric art. , 1 inferior mesenteric art. 
1 near the bifurcation - median sacral artery

Question 4

What happens to the subclavian at the lateral border of the first rib?

Answer 4

It becomes the axillary artery.

Question 5

What does the axillary artery become at the lower border of the teres major?

Answer 5

It becomes the brachial artery

Question 6

What is the brachial artery?

Answer 6

It is the main source of blood for the arm

Question 7

What happens immediately distal to the teres major?

Answer 7

The brachial artery gives rise to the profound a brachii

Question 8

What happens when the brachial artery crosses the cubital fossa?

Answer 8

It terminates by bifurcating into the radial and ulnar arteries

Question 9

What is the major superficial veins of the upper limb?

Answer 9

Cephalic and basalic veins

Question 10

Where does the basilic vein originate?

Answer 10

From the dorsal venous networks of the hand, it then ascends on the medial aspect of the upper limb.

Question 11

What happens at the lower border of the teres major to the basilic vein?

Answer 11

The vein moves deep into the arm, here it combines with the venae comitantes of brachial artery to form the axillary vein.

Question 12

Where does the cephalic arise?

Answer 12

From the dorsal venous network of the hand. It’s ascends on the antero-lateral aspect of the upper limb.

Question 13

Where does the cephalic vein terminate?

Answer 13

Within the axilla, the cephalic vein terminates by joining the axillary vein.

Question 14

What does the median cubital vein do?

Answer 14

It connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow.

Question 15

What is the femoral artery the continuation of?

Answer 15

External iliac artery

Question 16

Where doe the femoral artery begin?

Answer 16

Inguinal ligament

Question 17

What branches from the femoral artery?

Answer 17

Profunda femoris

Question 18

After giving off the profunda femoris, what does the femoral artery continue as when it passes through the abductor Magnus opening?

Answer 18

Popliteal artery

Question 19

Where does the popliteal artery terminate?

Answer 19

It terminates into the anterior tibial artery and the tibioperoneal trunk.

Question 20

What does the tibioperoneal trunk divides in to?

Answer 20

The posterior tibial and the peroneal arteries

Question 21

What is the main venous structure if the foot?

Answer 21

Dorsal venous arch

Question 22

What forms the anterior tibial vein?

Answer 22

Some veins from the dorsal venous arch penetrate deep into the leg.

Question 23

What arises of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 23

Medial and lateral plantar veins arise

Question 24

What do the medial and lateral plantar veins combine to form?

Answer 24

Posterior tibial and fibular veins

Question 25

On the posterior surface of the knee what unites to form the popliteal vein?

Answer 25

Anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular veins

Question 26

How does the popliteal vein enter the thigh?

Answer 26

Throw the adductor canal

Question 27

What happens to the popliteal vein when it enters the thigh?

Answer 27

Name is changed to the femoral vein. It ascends upwards as the exterior iliac vein.