Anatomy - Sytemic Circulation : Arteries & Veins Flashcards
Where is the descending thoracic aorta?
It is in the posterior mediastinum. The thoracic aorta begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra where it continues with the aortic arch, and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it becomes the abdominal aorta.
What are the main branches of the descending aorta?
Pericardial branches (surrounding heart) Bronchial arteries (lungs) Oesophageal arteries (oesophagus) Superior phrenic arteries (diaphragm) Posterior intercostal arteries (thoracic wall)
What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?
5 paired (parietal) branches - 1 inferior phrenic art. , 4 lumbar arteries (posterior) 3 paired (visceral) branches - renal arteries (kidney), suprarenal arteries (suprarenal arteries), gonadal arteries (ovarian/ testicular arteries) 3 unpaired (GIT) branches - 1 celiac trunk, 1 superior mesenteric art. , 1 inferior mesenteric art. 1 near the bifurcation - median sacral artery
What happens to the subclavian at the lateral border of the first rib?
It becomes the axillary artery.
What does the axillary artery become at the lower border of the teres major?
It becomes the brachial artery
What is the brachial artery?
It is the main source of blood for the arm
What happens immediately distal to the teres major?
The brachial artery gives rise to the profound a brachii
What happens when the brachial artery crosses the cubital fossa?
It terminates by bifurcating into the radial and ulnar arteries
What is the major superficial veins of the upper limb?
Cephalic and basalic veins
Where does the basilic vein originate?
From the dorsal venous networks of the hand, it then ascends on the medial aspect of the upper limb.
What happens at the lower border of the teres major to the basilic vein?
The vein moves deep into the arm, here it combines with the venae comitantes of brachial artery to form the axillary vein.
Where does the cephalic arise?
From the dorsal venous network of the hand. It’s ascends on the antero-lateral aspect of the upper limb.
Where does the cephalic vein terminate?
Within the axilla, the cephalic vein terminates by joining the axillary vein.
What does the median cubital vein do?
It connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow.
What is the femoral artery the continuation of?
External iliac artery
Where doe the femoral artery begin?
Inguinal ligament
What branches from the femoral artery?
Profunda femoris
After giving off the profunda femoris, what does the femoral artery continue as when it passes through the abductor Magnus opening?
Popliteal artery
Where does the popliteal artery terminate?
It terminates into the anterior tibial artery and the tibioperoneal trunk.
What does the tibioperoneal trunk divides in to?
The posterior tibial and the peroneal arteries
What is the main venous structure if the foot?
Dorsal venous arch
What forms the anterior tibial vein?
Some veins from the dorsal venous arch penetrate deep into the leg.
What arises of the plantar aspect of the foot?
Medial and lateral plantar veins arise
What do the medial and lateral plantar veins combine to form?
Posterior tibial and fibular veins
On the posterior surface of the knee what unites to form the popliteal vein?
Anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular veins
How does the popliteal vein enter the thigh?
Throw the adductor canal
What happens to the popliteal vein when it enters the thigh?
Name is changed to the femoral vein. It ascends upwards as the exterior iliac vein.
