Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

1st cranial nerve

A

olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2nd cranial nerve

A

optic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3rd cranial nerve

A

oculomotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4th cranial nerve

A

trochlear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5th cranial nerve

A

trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

6th cranial nerve

A

abducens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

7th cranial nerve

A

facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

8th cranial nerve

A

vestibulocochlear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

9th cranial nerve

A

glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

10th cranial nerve

A

vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

11th cranial nerve

A

spinal accessory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

12th cranial nerve

A

hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember the order of the cranial nerves

A

Oh OH Oh to touch and feel virgin girls vaginas and hymen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the pneumonic to remember the modalities of the cranial nerves

A

some say money matters more but my brother says big boobs matter more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pneumonic that helps remember where each cranial nerves exits the skull - and what is the only exception in the list

A

come on spicy(4) rabbits only inside(2) juicy(3) hipsters
SIJ 423
abducens out of order in spicy to go through the superior orbits fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the olfactory nerve

A

smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of the optic nerve

A

vision and pupil reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the function of the oculomotor nerve

A

motor movement of the eye controls the muscles MR,IR,SR,IO- upper eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the function of the trochlear nerve

A

controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye - look to the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The trigeminal nerve is split into 3 nerves what are they

A

Ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The ophthalmic nerve in a sensory nerve what does it innervate

A

scalp, forehead and nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The ophthalmic nerve has 3 divisions, what are they?

A

frontal
lacrimal
nasocillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The maxillary nerve is a sensory nerve what does it innervate

A

cheeks, lower eyelid , nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth and palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The mandibular nerve is both sensory and motor what is it functions

A

anterior 2/3 toungue, skin over mandible and lower teeth

motor to muscles of mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What nerve controls the muscles of mastications

A

The mandibular nerve - the trigeminal C nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the function of the motor nerve abducens nerve

A

lateral rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Function of the facial nerve
sensory
motor

facial - anterior

A

sensory to taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

motor to facial muscles, lachrymal gland, sublingual and submandibular - salivating and tasting at the chorda tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

function of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve function
sensory
motor
autonomic

glosso- posterior

A

sensory to posterior third of tongue, pharynx and middle ear

motor to palate

autonomic to salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the glossopharyngeal nerve as an autonomic function what is this

A

salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the vagus nerve function is what
sensory
motor

A

sensory to tympanic membrane - ear

motor to palate and larynx and pharynx

32
Q

what cranial nerve is motor to sternoclaidomastoid muscle and trapezius and can shrug the shoulders

A

spinal accessory

33
Q

what cranial nerve is motor to intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles expect the palatoglossus

A

Hypoglossal nerve

34
Q

How do you test, and what injury can be caused by injury the olfactory nerve

A

change in sense of smell

unilateral or bilateral anosmia

35
Q

what is anosmia

A

smell blindness

36
Q

where does the olfactory nerve exit

A

cribriform plate

37
Q

where does the optic nerve exit

A

optic canal

38
Q

How do you test, and what injury can be caused by injury the optic nerve

A

snellen chart

ipsilateral blindness _ ( retinal or optic lesson)
pituitary tumour creating tunnel Vision

39
Q

what 4 nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure

A

oculomotor, trochlear and ophthalmic(TRIGa) and abducens

40
Q

how do you test for the oculomotor nerve

A

H movement with eyes

41
Q

injury to oculomotor nerve causes what

A

ptosis, double vision(diplopia) , divergent squint and pupil dilated

down and out

42
Q

how to test for trochlea nerve

A

eyes to nose

43
Q

injury to trochlear nerve symptoms

A

nstagmus ( involuntary eye movement)

diplopia - 2 images

44
Q

how to test for the trigeminal nerves

A

corneal light reflex - light looking for symmetry - VII

clench jaw and open against my hand

45
Q

injuries to the trigeminal nerve

A

ipsilateral anesthsia
paralysis of ipsilateral muscles of mastication
carcinoma of tongue on the lingual nerve causes severe earache

46
Q

through what hole does the maxillary nerve exit

A

Foramen rotundamente

47
Q

through what hole does the mandibular nerve exit

A

foramen ovale

48
Q

how to test for abducens nerve

A

lateral rectus muscle so follow penlight to 4 quadrants

49
Q

injuries to abducens - same as trochlear

A

nystagmus
diplopia
convergence of vision

50
Q

how to test the facial nerve

A 
raising eyebrows - temporal 
scrunching eyes- zygomatic 
blow cheeks - buccal 
show teeth - mandbiualr 
resist these motions nd assess power
51
Q

Injury to the facial nerve

A

Ramsay hunt syndrome

Not really a neuro condition but kind of is because varicella zoster dominant in peripheral nerve endings

altered taste perception and saliva and tear production

52
Q

what two nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus

A

facial

vestibulocochlear

53
Q

How to test for the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

obscure ear canal and eyes and wisper and ask to repeat

54
Q

injuries to vestibulochochlear nerve present as

A

hearing loss
vertigo
false sense of motion

55
Q

The test for the gag reflex( vagus as well) and asking to cough and swallow and say ahhhh looking for uvula deviation is a test for what nerve

A

glossopharangeal

56
Q

Accessing the patients voice quality but also doing ahhhhh and gag reflex what nerve is tested here

A

vagus

57
Q

loss of taste sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue and loss of saliva is injury to what nerve

A

glossopharangeal

58
Q

a patient presents with stridor( noisy breathing) ,and aphonia ( difficulty speaking) what nerve is like to be injured

A

vagus

59
Q

What three nerves go through the jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory

60
Q

How to test for the spinal accessory nerve

A

ask person to shrug shoulders and turn face against hands

61
Q

Winged scapula can be caused by injury and weakness of the trapezius muscles supplied by which cranial nerve

A

spinal accessory

62
Q

Atrophy of the tongue on ipsilateral side , paralysis and wasting and deviation when pushed is associated with which nerve

A

Hypoglossal

63
Q

sticking the tongue out and checking for abnormalities and then also pushing against the mouth to test resistance are test for what cranial nerve

A

Hypoglossal

64
Q

what injury could be mistaken for hypoglossal nerve injury

A

UMN lesion in corticobulbar palsy - bilateral paralysis with no wasting

65
Q

oculomotor nerve palsy describe

A

Key sign is that when light is shone in the affected eye, the pupil on the other side will constrict but the affected eye will not. This proves the optic nerve is not affected as the light is registered by the brain, but the affected eye doesn’t have the innervation to constrict the pupil

66
Q

what is Ramsay hunt syndrome? what are the symptoms of this

A

herpes zoster , shingles of facial nerve

rash on one ear
paralysis of ipsilateral side
hearing loss on one side

67
Q

afferent and efferent branches of the Corneal reflex

A

Afferent: Opthalmic branch of the Trigeminal (V1)
Efferent: Facial nerve (VII)
When the cornea is stimulated both eyes should close.
If both eyes do not close it suggests a V1 lesion on the tested side. If one side does not contract it suggests a VII lesion on the tested side.

68
Q

neural pathway responsible for pupillary light reflex

A

Afferent pathway: Optic (II) nerve.
Efferent pathway: Parasympathetic component of the Oculomotor nerve (III) bilaterally (responsible for a consensual reflex)
Loop
Light stimulates optic nerve which synapses to the Pretectal nucleus situated in the brainstem.
Pretectal area on one side innervates Edinger-Westphal nuclei (parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nuclei of the Oculomotor nerve) bilaterally.
Edinger-Westphal nuclei then sends axons to the ciliary body on unilaterally via the parasympathetic branch of the oculomotor nerve resulting in constriction of pupils.

69
Q

what causes bitemporal hemianopia

A

Suggests a lesion at the Optic chiasm
Pituitary tumours compress optic chiasm from below à affect the upper visual fields first and progress further down.
Look for signs of pituitary disease i.e. Cushings / Acromegaly / Hypopituitarism / Gynaecomastia.
Craniopharyngeal tumours compress optic chiasm from above à affect the lower visual fields first and progress upwards.
Differentials of causes of bitemporal hemianopia include:
Pituitary adenoma
Sarcoidosis/Tuberculosis
Metastatic disease
Internal carotid artery aneurysm

70
Q

what are the clinical signs of complete unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy

A

Ptosis (levator palpebrae dysfunction)
Affected eye deviated to a “down and out position” (unopposed lateral rectus and superior oblique)
Diplopia
Patients don’t usually complain of diplopia due to ptosis but worst when looking up and out
Fixed, dilated pupil (parasympathetic nerve fibres from ciliary ganglion affected)

71
Q 
IIIrd nerve palsy
Down and out eye + fixed dilated pupil
Horner’s syndrome
Ptosis + anhidrosis + miosis
Myaesthenia Gravis
Bilateral facial weakness + proximal weakness with fatiguability + weak voice
Congenital

these cause what

A

unilateral pitosis

72
Q

causes of 3rd nerve palsy

A

Compression from a posterior communicating artery aneurysm
Vascular occlusion (atheroma/diabetes)
Midbrain infarct / tumour
Temporal lobe coning

73
Q

what is Horner syndrome

A

Disruption of the sympathetic nervous supply to the face resulting in:
Ptosis: unilateral partial drooping of eyelid
Miosis: unilaterally constricted pupil
Anhidrosis: unilateral loss of sweating
Normal light and accommodation reflexes/eye movements

74
Q

what other cerebellar signs can you look for other than nystagmus

A 
D = Dysdiadokinesis (impaired rapid alternating movements) + dysmetria (past-pointing when at full stretch)
A = Ataxia
N = Nystagmus (fast component is towards the side of the lesion)
I = Intention tremor (gets worse as finger approaches the target)
S = Slurred speech
H = Hypotonia
75
Q

which way does the toungue deviate in a XII lesion

A

The tongue deviates towards the side of the lesion

76
Q

In a CN10 lesion which way does the uvula deviate

A

Uvula is deviated away from the side of the lesion

77
Q

afferent and efferent pathways of the gag reflex

A

Afferent: Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Efferent: Vagus (X)

Neurology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions