Autonomic nervous system Flashcards
somatic nervous system
motor and sensory
autonomic nerves system
regulates functions with little or no voluntary control via opposing systems
2 parts of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic(comfort) and sympathetic(crisis)
which system has craniosacral outflow meaning neurones begin at cranial nerves and sacral nerves S2-S4
parasympathetic
what cranial nerves are parasympathetic
3,7,9,10 oculomotor facial glossopharanygeal vagus
what system has thoracolumbar outflow meaning neurones vein at thoracic and lumbar T1-L2 portions of the spinal cord
sympathetic division
what pathway has a long pre ganglionic neurone and a short post
parasympathetic
ganglia close to final destination
Autonomic functions of the vagus nerve
heart, lungs , GIT
autonomic functions of the oculomotor nerve
lacrimal gland
autonomic functions of the facial nerve
pupillary constrict and salivary
autonomic functions of the glossopharanygeal nerve
parotid gland ( salivary)
what pathways has short pre ganglionic neurone and long post
sympathetic
ganglia mostly in sympathetic chain
what gland is directly innervated from the pre ganglionic neurone in th sympathetic pathways
adrenal medulla
Horners syndrome
what is it Caused by
symptoms
Pancoast tumour – compressing the cervical sympathetic chain
Causes ipsilateral anhidrosis (loss of sweating due to loss of sympathetic nerve supply)
Ptosis is also caused
enophthalmaus - sinking of the eyebrow
in the parasympathetic NS what type of receptors and neurotransmitters are used
nicotinic and muscarinic with Ach
What type of receptor is a nicotinic receptor
ligand gated ion channel
what type of receptor is a muscarinic receptor
G protein coupled
in sympathetic nervous system what type of receptor and neurotransmitters are used
at ganglion Ach and nicotinic
at terminal synapse it is NA
but Ach fro sweating
What type of receptors are adrenorecptors
G protein coupled receptors
Parasympathetic end receptor
muscarinic M1-M5
sympathetic end receptor
adrenoreceptors alpha1,2 and beta1,2,3
what type of adrenoreceptor has a Gq sub type and activates phospholipase C
Alpha 1 receptor
what type or adrenoreceptor has a Gs sub type and activates adenylate cyclase
Beta 1 receptor
2 steps to terminate an action potential
presynaptic reuptake
COMT breakdown - degrade catecholamines
what substance controls the presynaptic levels of serotonin
MAO
monoamine oxidase
main inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
what disease is caused by a loss of nerve cells in substantial nigra
Parkinson’s disease
what neurotransmitter is lost during Parkinson’s disease so regulation of movement is lost
Dopamine
Treatment for Parkinson’s evolves around dopamine action (3) what are these
giving more dopamine substance L-DOPA
blocking dopamine breakdown with COMT and MAO inhibitors
using dopamine receptor agonists - actiavtes it
alpha 1 receptor what does it control
arterioles - vasoconstrictor
bladder sphincter constriction
pupil dilate
gut - inhibits peristalsis
alpha 2 receptor what does it control
vasomotor centre inhibits
slaivary gland
beta 1 receptor
heart contractility and rate increased
Beta 2 receptor
bronchi - dialtion
muscle BV
uterus relaxed
beta 3 receptor
fat cells
lipolysis
themogensis
M1 receptor para
stomach acid secretion
M2
heart - bradycardia
m3
bronchi bladder gut eye salivary glands stomach
m4/5
CNS roles
A 65 year old man with a strong smoking history presents to his GP with 8Kg weight loss over the past few months, increasing breathlessness and cough. On examination he is cachectic, the chest is clear but it is noted he has a drooping right eye with ipsilateral anihidrosis. A CT thorax shows a tumour in the right apex.( horner syndrome its ther ) What is the tumour compressing to cause the clinical findings? Select one: A. Accessory nerve B. Axillary nerve C. Cervical sympathetic chain D. Oculomotor nerve E. Trigeminal nerve
cervical sympathetic chain
