Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

somatic nervous system

Answer 1

motor and sensory

Question 2

autonomic nerves system

Answer 2

regulates functions with little or no voluntary control via opposing systems

Question 3

2 parts of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

parasympathetic(comfort) and sympathetic(crisis)

Question 4

which system has craniosacral outflow meaning neurones begin at cranial nerves and sacral nerves S2-S4

Answer 4

parasympathetic

Question 5

what cranial nerves are parasympathetic

Answer 5

3,7,9,10 
oculomotor 
facial 
glossopharanygeal 
vagus

Question 6

what system has thoracolumbar outflow meaning neurones vein at thoracic and lumbar T1-L2 portions of the spinal cord

Answer 6

sympathetic division

Question 7

what pathway has a long pre ganglionic neurone and a short post

Answer 7

parasympathetic

ganglia close to final destination

Question 8

Autonomic functions of the vagus nerve

Answer 8

heart, lungs , GIT

Question 9

autonomic functions of the oculomotor nerve

Answer 9

lacrimal gland

Question 10

autonomic functions of the facial nerve

Answer 10

pupillary constrict and salivary

Question 11

autonomic functions of the glossopharanygeal nerve

Answer 11

parotid gland ( salivary)

Question 12

what pathways has short pre ganglionic neurone and long post

Answer 12

sympathetic

ganglia mostly in sympathetic chain

Question 13

what gland is directly innervated from the pre ganglionic neurone in th sympathetic pathways

Answer 13

adrenal medulla

Question 14

Horners syndrome

what is it Caused by
symptoms

Answer 14

Pancoast tumour – compressing the cervical sympathetic chain

Causes ipsilateral anhidrosis (loss of sweating due to loss of sympathetic nerve supply)
Ptosis is also caused
enophthalmaus - sinking of the eyebrow

Question 15

in the parasympathetic NS what type of receptors and neurotransmitters are used

Answer 15

nicotinic and muscarinic with Ach

Question 16

What type of receptor is a nicotinic receptor

Answer 16

ligand gated ion channel

Question 17

what type of receptor is a muscarinic receptor

Answer 17

G protein coupled

Question 18

in sympathetic nervous system what type of receptor and neurotransmitters are used

Answer 18

at ganglion Ach and nicotinic
at terminal synapse it is NA
but Ach fro sweating

Question 19

What type of receptors are adrenorecptors

Answer 19

G protein coupled receptors

Question 20

Parasympathetic end receptor

Answer 20

muscarinic M1-M5

Question 21

sympathetic end receptor

Answer 21

adrenoreceptors alpha1,2 and beta1,2,3

Question 22

what type of adrenoreceptor has a Gq sub type and activates phospholipase C

Answer 22

Alpha 1 receptor

Question 23

what type or adrenoreceptor has a Gs sub type and activates adenylate cyclase

Answer 23

Beta 1 receptor

Question 24

2 steps to terminate an action potential

Answer 24

presynaptic reuptake

COMT breakdown - degrade catecholamines

Question 25

what substance controls the presynaptic levels of serotonin

Answer 25

MAO | monoamine oxidase

Question 26

main inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 26

GABA

Question 27

what disease is caused by a loss of nerve cells in substantial nigra

Answer 27

Parkinson's disease

Question 28

what neurotransmitter is lost during Parkinson's disease so regulation of movement is lost

Answer 28

Dopamine

Question 29

Treatment for Parkinson's evolves around dopamine action (3) what are these

Answer 29

giving more dopamine substance L-DOPA blocking dopamine breakdown with COMT and MAO inhibitors using dopamine receptor agonists - actiavtes it

Question 30

alpha 1 receptor what does it control

Answer 30

arterioles - vasoconstrictor bladder sphincter constriction pupil dilate gut - inhibits peristalsis

Question 31

alpha 2 receptor what does it control

Answer 31

vasomotor centre inhibits | slaivary gland

Question 32

beta 1 receptor

Answer 32

heart contractility and rate increased

Question 33

Beta 2 receptor

Answer 33

bronchi - dialtion muscle BV uterus relaxed

Question 34

beta 3 receptor

Answer 34

fat cells lipolysis themogensis

Question 35

M1 receptor para

Answer 35

stomach acid secretion

Question 36

M2

Answer 36

heart - bradycardia

Question 37

m3

Answer 37

``` bronchi bladder gut eye salivary glands stomach ```

Question 38

m4/5

Answer 38

CNS roles

Question 39

``` A 65 year old man with a strong smoking history presents to his GP with 8Kg weight loss over the past few months, increasing breathlessness and cough. On examination he is cachectic, the chest is clear but it is noted he has a drooping right eye with ipsilateral anihidrosis. A CT thorax shows a tumour in the right apex.( horner syndrome its ther ) What is the tumour compressing to cause the clinical findings? Select one: A. Accessory nerve B. Axillary nerve C. Cervical sympathetic chain D. Oculomotor nerve E. Trigeminal nerve ```

Answer 39

cervical sympathetic chain