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Neurology > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the 1st cranial nerve pass through ?

A

Cribriform Plate

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2
Q

Where are the receptors for the olfactory nerve found ?

A

In the Olfactory Epithelium

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3
Q

What type of nerve fibres does the 1st cranial nerve carry ?

A

Special Sensory - Smell

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4
Q

What might an increase in CSF cause in the eye ?

A

Papilloedema

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5
Q

What type of nerve fibres does the 2nd cranial nerve carry ?

A

Special Sensory - Vision

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6
Q

Where does the 3rd cranial nerve emerge ?

A

Ventral Midbrain

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7
Q

Which nerve pass out of the Superior Orbital Fissure ?

A

3, 4, 5-V1 and 6

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8
Q

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres ?

A

3, 7, 9 and 10

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9
Q

If there was a problem with the 3rd cranial nerve what signs would there be on examination ?

A
  • Ptosis
  • Eye down and out
  • Pupil would be dilated
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10
Q

What fibres does the 3rd nerve carry ?

A
  • Somatic motor to the Extraoccular muscles and eyelid

- Autonomic motor to the Spincter Pupillae and Ciliary Body muscle

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11
Q

Where does the 4th cranial nerve emerge from ?

A

Dorsal part of the midbrain

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12
Q

What fibres does the 4th nerve carry ?

A

Somatic motor to the Superior Oblique

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13
Q

What symptoms would patient get if 4th nerve wasn’t functioning ?

A
  • Diplopia

- Eye moves up and and out

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14
Q

Where does the 6th cranial nerve emerge ?

A

Pontomedullary junction

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15
Q

What fibres does it carry ?

A

Somatic motor to lateral rectus

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16
Q

Signs/symptoms of 6th cranial nerve palsy ?

A
  • Eye deviates medially

- Diplopia

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17
Q

Where does the 5th cranial nerve emerge

A

The surface of the pons

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18
Q

What does V1 innervate and what fibres does it carry ?

A

General sensory from the forehead, scalp, eyelid, cornea, nose and sinuses

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19
Q

What reflexes are lost when CN 5 is damaged ?

A

Corneal and Jaw reflexes

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20
Q

Where does V2 pass through ?

A

Foramen Rotundum

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21
Q

Where does V3 pass through ?

A

Foramen Ovale

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22
Q

What does V2 innervate and what fibres does it carry ?

A

General sensory from the maxilla, maxillary teeth, nose, sinuses , lip, palate and the TMJ

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23
Q

What pathology which involves excruciating pain can occur if CN 5 is damaged ?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

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24
Q

What does V3 innervate and what fibres does it carry ?

A

General sensory from the mandible, TMJ, low lib, mandublar teeth and the tongue (anterior 2/3rds).

Somatic motor to the muscles of mastication e.g. Temporalis, Masseter, Lateral and Medial Pterygoids.

25
Q

What other muscles does V3 innervate ?

A

Anterior part of Digastric, Tensor Veli Palatini and Tensor Tympani.

26
Q

Where does the facial nerve emerge from ?

A

Pontomedullary junction

27
Q

What nerves pass through the Internal Acoustic Meatus ?

A

Facial and Vestibulocochlear

28
Q

What is the course of the facial nerve ?

A

Through the IAM, Facial Canal and out of the Stylomastoid Foramen.

29
Q

What does the facial nerve innervate and what fibres does it carry ?

A
  • Somatic motor to the muscles of facial expression, stapedius and posterior belly of digastric.
  • Autonomic motor to submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands.
  • Special sensory from the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue via the Chorda Tympani.
  • General sensory from the external acoustic meatus
30
Q

What pathology occurs when the facial nerve is damage ?

A

Bell’s palsy

31
Q

What are the signs of Bell’s Palsy ?

A
  • Cannot close eyelids
  • Can’t smile
  • Can’t purse lips
  • Cannot wrinkle forehead
32
Q

Where does cranial nerve 8 arise from ?

A

Pontomedullary junction

33
Q

What fibre type does CN 8 carry ?

A

Special Sensory - Hearing and Balance

34
Q

What happens when CN 8 is damaged ?

A
  • Vertigo
  • Tinnitus
  • Deafness
  • Nystagmus
35
Q

Which nerves exits via the jugular foramen ?

A

9, 10 and 11

36
Q

What fibres does CN 9 carry ?

A
  • Special sensory from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue.
  • General sensory from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue and to the middle ear.
  • Autonomic motor to the parotid gland
  • Visceral sensory from the carotid body and sinus
  • Somatic motor to the Stylopharyngeus
37
Q

What occurs when CN 9 is damaged ?

A

Loss of gag reflex

Loss of taste to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

38
Q

Which CN’s emerge from the medulla ?

A

9, 10, 11 and 12

39
Q

What fibres does CN 10 carry ?

A
  • Special sensory from the epiglottis and palate (Taste).
  • General sensory from the external acoustic meatus.
  • Visceral sensory from many organs
  • Autonomic motor to muscles of bronchi, gut and heart.
  • Somatic motor to pharynx and larynx.
40
Q

What troubles would a patient have if pharyngeal and laryngeal branches of vagus were damaged ?

A

Difficulty swallowing and speaking.

41
Q

What fibres does CN 11 carry ?

A

Somatic motor to SCM and Trapezius

42
Q

What actions would be affected in CN 11 was damaged ?

A

Patient wouldn’t be able to turn head against resistance or shrug shoulders.

43
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve pass out of the skull ?

A

Hypoglossal canal

44
Q

What fibres does Hypoglossal carry ?

A

Somatic motor to the muscles of the tongue

45
Q

What nerve is vulnerable to damage during a tonsillectomy ?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

46
Q

What signs would patient present with who had a damage CN 12 ?

A

Wasting and paralysis of affected side of tongue. Tongue would deviate to affected side.

47
Q

If cranial 5 and 8 are dysfunctioning where would the problem be likely to be at ?

A

Pontomedullary junction

48
Q

If there are unusual signs that don’t make sense on examination what should you think ?

A

Chronic or malignant meningitis

49
Q

If there are just motor signs what should you think ?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

50
Q

What are the causes of dilated pupils ?

A
  • Young
  • Dark room
  • Cocaine overdose
  • Mhdriatic eye drops
51
Q

What are the causes of constricted pupils ?

A
  • Elderly
  • Opioid overdose
  • Mitotic eye drops
  • Bright lighting
52
Q

What condition present with mitosis ?

A

Horner’s syndrome

53
Q

What microvascular problems will cause painful palsies ?

A

Hypertension and diabetes

54
Q

What are the causes of nystagmus ?

A
  • Vestibular system dysfunctioning
  • Tumours
  • Toxins
55
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia ?

A

If you have trigeminal neuralgia, even mild stimulation of your face such as from brushing your teeth or putting on makeup may trigger excruciating pain.

56
Q

How do we treat trigeminal neuralgia ?

A

Carbamazepine

57
Q

Is Bulbar palsy an UMN or LMN palsy ?

A

LMN - Due to lesions in the IC

58
Q

Is Pseudo-bulbar palsy an UMN or LMN palsy ?

A

UMN - Due to lesions in the medulla

59
Q

Which conditions is Bulbar palsy seen in ?

A

MND and Polio

Neurology (16 decks)

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