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AP B3 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN 1

A

Olfactory

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2
Q

CN 2

A

Optic

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3
Q

CN 3

A

Oculomotor

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4
Q

CN 4

A

Trochlear

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5
Q

CN 5

A

Trigeminal

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6
Q

CN 6

A

Abducens

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7
Q

CN 7

A

Facial

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8
Q

CN 8

A

Vestibulocochlear

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9
Q

CN 9

A

Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

CN 10

A

Vagus

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11
Q

CN 11

A

Accessory

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12
Q

CN 12

A

Hypoglossal

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13
Q

The graphic used for CN is on slide 2

A

memorize it

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14
Q

Cranial nerves are functionally either ____ (afferent) neurons only, or ___ (some combination of afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) neurons)

A

sensory

mixed

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15
Q

Only ENTIRELY SENSORY cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory (CN1)

Optic (CN2)

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16
Q

One cranial nerve is so predominantly sensory that its motor function is frequently overlooked?

A

Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear)

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17
Q

Cranial nerves ___, ___, and ___ are thus called sensory nerves (even though CN VIII is not exclusively sensory)

A

I, II, and VIII

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18
Q

There are no cranial nerves that are exclusively ___ throughout their entire length

A

motor

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19
Q

Cranial nerves __, __, __, __, and __ are commonly called motor nerves because their function is predominantly motor

They are often said to be “mixed, mainly motor” or “mixed, primarily motor” (as in the following slides)

A

III, IV, VI, XI, and XII

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20
Q

It is a general principle that the sensory function of such nerves is ____ of the muscles over which they exert motor control (the following slides assume that fact, and do not necessarily repeat proprioceptive functions)

A

proprioception

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21
Q

Cranial nerves __, __, __, and __ are termed mixed nerves because they have substantial motor and sensory functions, and contain axons of both sensory and motor neurons

A

V, VII, IX, and X

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22
Q

Most cranial nerves that have a motor function innervate more than one muscle, but the sole mission of two cranial nerves is to innervate a single muscle each.

Which cranial nerves?

A

Trochlear (IV) innervates the superior oblique

Abducens (VI) innervates the lateral rectus

Both muscles are extrinsic muscles of the eye

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23
Q

All ___ cranial nerves have neurons that innervate somatic (skeletal) muscles

A

motor

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24
Q

Some motor cranial nerves also have autonomic motor axons, which are?

A

III (oculomotor)
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)

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25
Q

The autonomic axons are part of the ___ division, and innervate glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

A

parasympathetic

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26
Q

Entirely sensory

Contains axons that conduct nerve impulses for the sense of smell (olfaction)

Short function: smell

A

I – Olfactory

Olfactory bulb and olfactory tract are not CN I

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27
Q

I – Olfactory

A

Entirely sensory

Contains axons that conduct nerve impulses for the sense of smell (olfaction)

Short function: smell

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28
Q

Olfactory receptors are ___ neurons

A

bipolar

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29
Q

Bundles of axons of the receptors extend through the ____ of the ethmoid

A

cribiform plate

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30
Q

The olfactory receptors are bundles of axons that extend through cribiform plate (of ethmoid). These bundles, taken together, make up the ___

A

CN 1 – olfactory

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31
Q

Loss of the sense of smell is called ____

A

anosmia

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32
Q

Entirely sensory

Contains myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses for vision

Optic nerve versus optic tract; optic chiasma

Short function: vision

A

II – Optic

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33
Q

II – Optic

A

Entirely sensory

Contains myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses for vision

Optic nerve versus optic tract; optic chiasma

Short function: vision

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34
Q

Rods and cones in the retina are light sensitive cells that relay signals to ____, which convey the impulses to ganglion cells, also in the retina.

Axons of the ganglion cells form the optic nerve, and those same axons continue on to form the ___

A

bipolar cells

optic tract

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35
Q

After the ____, is when the optic nerve becomes the optic tract

A

optic chiasm

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36
Q

Mainly motor

Controls extrinsic eye muscles not innervated by IV and VI

Innervates intrinsic eye muscles: ciliary muscle (on lens) sphincter pupillae (iris)

Short function: eye movement

A

III – Oculomotor

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37
Q

III – Oculomotor

A

Mainly motor

Controls extrinsic eye muscles not innervated by IV and VI

Innervates intrinsic eye muscles: ciliary muscle (on lens) sphincter pupillae (iris)

Short function: eye movement

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38
Q

Innervates most extrinsic eye muscles

Parasympathetic innervation to intrinsic eye muscles

Innervates levator palpebrae superioris (muscle of the upper eyelid)

A

III – Oculomotor

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39
Q

III – Oculomotor

A

Innervates most extrinsic eye muscles

Parasympathetic innervation to intrinsic eye muscles

Innervates levator palpebrae superioris (muscle of the upper eyelid)

40
Q

Innervates intrinsic eye muscles: ciliary muscle (on lens) sphincter pupillae (iris)

A

III – Oculomotor

41
Q

Controls extrinsic eye muscles not innervated by IV and VI

A

III – Oculomotor

42
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to intrinsic eye muscles

A

III – Oculomotor

43
Q

Innervates levator palpebrae superioris (muscle of the upper eyelid)

A

III – Oculomotor

44
Q

III – Oculomotor

A

pupillary light response test

Both pupils should constrict when light is shined in only one eye

45
Q

Mainly motor

Innervates superior oblique muscle of the eye

Only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain stem

Short function: eye movement

A

IV – Trochlear

46
Q

Innervates superior oblique muscle of the eye

A

IV – Trochlear

47
Q

Only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain stem

A

IV – Trochlear

48
Q

The trochlea (trochle = pulley) is a pulleylike loop through which the tendon of the ___ muscle passes

A

superior oblique

49
Q

The superior oblique moves the eyeball ____

A

inferiorly and laterally

50
Q

Mixed
Largest of the cranial nerves

Emerges from pons isolated from other cranial nerves

Provides sensory neurons to face, head, and anterior 2/3 tongue

Motor neurons control chewing movements

Short function: mastication, facial sensation

A

V – Trigeminal

51
Q

Provides sensory neurons to face, head, and anterior 2/3 tongue

NO TASTE, just sensation

A

V – Trigeminal

52
Q

Motor neurons control chewing movements

A

V – Trigeminal

53
Q

Short function: mastication, facial sensation

A

V – Trigeminal

54
Q

Dermatome for most of the skin of face and scalp?

A

V – Trigeminal

55
Q

Emerges from pons isolated from other cranial nerves

A

V – Trigeminal

56
Q

The trigeminal has two roots:
smaller motor root supplying the muscles of mastication

Larger sensory root, which has three branches, which consists of:

A

Ophthalmic nerve

Maxillary nerve

Mandibular nerve

57
Q

Small root of trigeminal supplies what?

A

muscles of mastication

58
Q

Three branches of larger sensory root of trigeminal

A

Ophthalmic nerve

Maxillary nerve

Mandibular nerve

59
Q

Mainly motor

Innervates lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Nerve is also called the abducent

Short function: eye movement

A

VI – Abducens

60
Q

Innervates lateral rectus muscle of the eye

A

VI – Abducens

61
Q

The lateral rectus muscle moves the eye laterally

A

VI – Abducens

62
Q

___ causes abduction of the eye (movement away from the midline of the body), hence the name of the nerve that supplies it

A

abducens

63
Q

Mixed

Somatic motor axons innervate muscles of facial expression, and stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, and stapedius muscles

Parasympathetic axons extend to lacrimal glands, nasal glands, and saliva-producing sublingual and submandibular glands

A

VII – Facial

64
Q

Somatic motor axons innervate muscles of facial expression, and stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, and stapedius muscles

A

VII – Facial

65
Q

CN VII (Facial) affects what muscles?

A

muscles of facial expression

stylohyoid

digastric (posterior portion)

stapedius

66
Q

Parasympathetic axons extend to lacrimal glands, nasal glands, and saliva-producing sublingual and submandibular glands

A

VII – Facial

67
Q

CN VIII (Facial) extends to what glands?

A

lacrimal

nasal

sublingual

submandibular

68
Q

Short function: facial expression, taste, salivation, lacrimation

A

VII – Facial

69
Q

Sensory axons extend from taste buds in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (the mobile tongue)

A

VII – Facial

70
Q

“Short” function of cranial nerve seven? (facial)

A

facial expression

taste

salivation

lacrimation

71
Q

Mainly sensory

Formerly known as the acoustic, or auditory nerve

Vestibular branch carries impulses for equilibrium

Cochlear branch carries impulses for hearing

Short function: balance, hearing

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

72
Q

Vestibular branch carries impulses for equilibrium

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

73
Q

Cochlear branch carries impulses for hearing

A

VIII – Vestibulocochlear

74
Q

Motor function of CN VIII?

A

“setting the tone” for the actual receptors

75
Q

Mixed

Sensory axons to: posterior 1/3 of tongue for taste from taste buds, and for tactile sensation; baroreceptors in carotid sinus and chemoreceptors in carotid bodies

Motor fibers to: parotid gland

Short function: taste, salivation, innervation of pharynx

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

76
Q

Sensory axons to: POSTERIOR 1/3 of tongue for taste from taste buds, and for tactile SENSATION

!!!

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

77
Q

baroreceptors in carotid sinus and chemoreceptors in carotid bodies

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

monitors changes in BP, CO2, etc.

78
Q

Motor fibers to: parotid gland

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

79
Q

Short function: taste, salivation, innervation of pharynx

A

IX – Glossopharyngeal

80
Q

Mixed

The longest cranial nerve

Short function: swallowing, talking, cardiac, GI tract, respiration, taste

A

X – Vagus

81
Q

Short function: swallowing, talking, cardiac, GI tract, respiration, taste

A

X – Vagus

82
Q

The ___ is widely distributed in the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen

A

vagus nerve

83
Q

Sensory function in taste, touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the epiglottis and pharynx;

A

vagus nerve

84
Q

monitoring of blood pressure, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

A

vagus nerve

85
Q

Somatic motor function in swallowing, coughing, and voice production

A

vagus nerve

86
Q

Autonomic motor function (parasympathetic) in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation of GI tract, slowing of the heart rate, and secretion of digestive fluids

A

vagus nerve

87
Q

____ of the vagus nerves causes hypersecretion of acidic gastric fluids, which results in ulceration of the stomach wall

A

Hyperactivity

88
Q

Mixed

Originates from both the brain stem and the spinal cord, so it is sometimes called the spinal accessory (only cranial nerve to have a spinal cord component)

Impulses to voluntary muscles used in swallowing, and to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Short function: pharynx & larynx muscles, neck & shoulder movement

A

XI – Accessory

89
Q

Originates from both the brain stem and the spinal cord, so it is sometimes called the spinal accessory (only cranial nerve to have a spinal cord component)

A

XI – Accessory

90
Q

Impulses to voluntary muscles used in swallowing, and to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

A

XI – Accessory

91
Q

Short function: pharynx & larynx muscles, neck & shoulder movement

A

XI – Accessory

92
Q

CN XI sends impulses to what muscles?

A

Muscles used in swallowing

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

93
Q

Mixed

Innervates all intrinsic muscles of the tongue as well as all extrinsic tongue muscles except the palatoglossus, for movements in speech and swallowing

Short function: tongue movement

A

XII – Hypoglossal

94
Q

Hypoglossal innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, except for ___, for movements of speech/swallowing

A

palatoglossus

95
Q

Palatoglossus is supplied by ___

A

CN X (vagus)

AP B3 (6 decks)

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