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Neuroanatomy > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The cranial nerves are covered with a sheath derived from?

A

Cranial meninges

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2
Q

What CN goes through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve CN II

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3
Q

What CN go through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor CN III
Trochlear CN IV
Abducens CN VI
Ophthalmic of trigeminal CN V

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4
Q

What CN goes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary of trigeminal CN V

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5
Q

What CN goes through foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular of trigeminal CN V

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6
Q

What CN goes through internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial CN VII

Vestibulocohlear CN VIII

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7
Q

What CN goes through jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal CN IX
Vagus CN X
Accessory CN XI

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8
Q

What CNs come from the midbrain? pons? medulla?

A

midbrain: III & IV
pons: V
medulla: VI to XII

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9
Q

1st branchial arch

A

Trigeminal CN V

  • mm. of mastication
  • ant. of digastric, mylohyoid
  • tensor tympani
  • tensor veli palatini
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10
Q

2nd branchial arch

A

Facial CN VII

  • mm. facial expression
  • post. digastric, stylohyoid
  • stapedius
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11
Q

3rd branchial arch

A

Glossopharyngeal CNIX

-stylopharyngeus

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12
Q

4th branchial arch

A

Vagus CNX and accessory CNXI (just cranial root)

-mm. palate, pharynx, larynx, sup. oesophag.

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13
Q

anosmia

A

loss of sense of smell

-old age, head injury, cribriform plate fractures, meningiomas in anterior cranial fossa

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14
Q

papillodema

A

increased intracranial pressure causes the part of the optic disc to swell
-compresses the central vein

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15
Q

Lesion of the right optic nerve causes what?

A

Right monocular blindness

can’t see out of right eye

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16
Q

Longitudinal lesion of the optic chiasm causes what?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia (lost peripheral vision)

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17
Q

Lesion of the right optic tract causes what?

A

Left homonymous Hemianopsia (no left field of vision from both eyeballs)

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18
Q

What are the 4 extra-ocular muscles innervated by oculomotor nerve?

A

superior, medial, inferior rectus

inferior oblique

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19
Q

What is herpes zoster opthalmicus, and what does it have to do with cranial nerves?

A
  • reactivation of the childhood chicken pox virus (varicella zoster) along the ophthalmic division of trigeminal
  • vesicular rash or dermatitis
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20
Q

What is the relationship of the vagus CN and the major arteries?

A

it wraps under aorta on L side, and under subclavian on R side

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21
Q

Where does olfactory CN emerge from?

A

limbic lobe

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22
Q

Where are the cell bodies of olfactory CN?

A

olfactory epithelium

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23
Q

Clinical implications of olfactory CN

A

anosmia

olfactory halluciations

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24
Q

Where does optic CN emerge from?

A

primary visual cortex in occipital lobe (passing through visual area of thalamus first)

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25
Q

Where are the cell bodies of optic CN?

A

optic nerve (made of retinal ganglion and support cells)

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26
Q

Clinical implications of the optic CN

A

papiloderma

lesions of optic tract, nerve or chiasm

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27
Q

Where does the oculomotor CN emerge from?

A

midbrain –> lateral wall of cavernous sinus

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28
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the oculomotor nerve?

A

GSE- midbrain

GVE- midbrain and ciliary ganglion

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29
Q

What are the functions of the oculomotor CN?

A

GSE- 4 extra-oc. mm, levator palpabele superioris

GVE- sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscles

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30
Q

Clinical implications of oculomotor nerve

A

Eye will look towards week muscle

lazy eye

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31
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve emerge from?

A

dorsal midbrain -> pierces dura -> lateral wall of cavernous sinus

32
Q

Where are the cell bodies of trochlear CN?

A

midbrain

33
Q

Functions of the trochlear nerve?

A

GSE- super oblique moves eye down and out

34
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge?

A

pons

35
Q

Where are the cell bodies of trigeminal nerve?

A

trigemina ganglion (afferent) or pons (efferent)

36
Q

Functions of trigeminal nerve?

A

GSA-
V1 (cornea, nasal cavity, scalp),
V2 (upper lip, teeth, gums, nose),
V3 (low lip, teeth, gums, anterior 2/3 tongue)

SVE- V3 (mastication, mylohyoid, ant. digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani)

37
Q

Clinical implications of trigeminal nerve?

A

herpes zoster opthalmicus

38
Q

Where does abducens nerve emerge from?

A

Pons-medula junction -> pierces dura -> through cavernous sinus

39
Q

Where are the cell bodies of abducens nerve?

A

pons

40
Q

Function of abducens

A

GSE- lateral rectus

41
Q

Clinical implications of abducens nerve?

A

abducens palsy

42
Q

Where does facial nerve emerge from?

A

pons-medulla junction

43
Q

Where are the cell bodies of facial nerve?

A

SVE-pons
SVA-geniculate gnaglion
GVE-pons and pterygopalatine & submandibulat ganglia

44
Q

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

A

GSA- ext. acoustis meatus
SVA- anterior 2/3 tongue
GVE- secretion of lacrimal, salivary, nasal mucous glands
SVE-facial expression, stapedius, post. digastric, stylohyoid

45
Q

Clinical implications of facial nerve?

A

UMN lesion- contralateral lower face weakness

LMN lesion- ipsilateral whole face weakness

46
Q

Functions of vestibulocochlear

A

SSA- balance and hearing

47
Q

Clinical implications of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

vestibular neuritis
labyrinthitis
acoustic neuroma

48
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge from?

A

medulla

49
Q

Where are the cell bodies of glossopharyngeal nerve?

A 
medulla (SVE, GVE)
optic ganglion (GVE)
inferior ganglion (GSA, SVA)
superior ganglion (GVA)
50
Q

Functions of glossopharyngeal nerve

A 
SVA- 1/3 tongue
GSA-tonsils, post. 1/3 tongue, middle ear,
GVA- carotid body and sinus
GVE-salivary gland
SVE- stylopharyngeus
51
Q

Where does the vagus nerve emerge from?

A

medulla

52
Q

Where are the cell bodies of vagus nerve?

A 
medulla (SVE, GVE), 
in viscera (GVE), 
superior ganglion (GSA, GVA), 
inferior ganglion (SVA)
53
Q

Functions of vagus nerve?

A

SVE: pharynx, larynx, palate, upper oseophag
GVE: cardiac and smooth mm.
GSA: auricle, external auditory meatus, post. dura mata
GVA: base tongue, pharynx, larynx, airways, heart, GIT
SVA: taste epiglottis and palate

54
Q

Clinical implications of vagus nerve?

A

poke back of throat and the uvula will lean away from week side

55
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the accessory CN?

A

medulla and spinal cord

56
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve?

A

muscles of pharynx, larynx
trapezius
SCM

57
Q

Clinical implications of accessory CN?

A

Easily injured in surgeries

-can’t shrug or turn head

58
Q

Where does the hypoglossal CN emerge from?

A

medulla

59
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the hypoglossal CN?

A

medulla

60
Q

What is the function of hypoglossal CN?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

61
Q

Clinical implications of the hypoglossal CN?

A

Push out tongue, it will lean towards week side

62
Q

Which CNs pierce the cavernous sinus?

A

the ones that go to the orbit

63
Q

Abducens palsy

A

eye being pulled medially because lateral muscle is week because of innervation problem with CN VI

64
Q

What are the five motor branches of the facial CN?

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical
65
Q

What is the consequence of an UMN lesion of facial CN? why?

A

contralateral lower face weakness

-because lower face only innervate by contralateral brain

66
Q

What is the consequence of a LMN lesion of facial CN?

A

ipsilateral whole face weakness

67
Q

What is vestibular neuritis?

A
  • affects vestibulocochlear CN

- causes sudden, severe vertigo

68
Q

What is labyrinthitis?

A
  • similar to vestibular neuritis

- but with addition of hearing symptoms (sensory type hearing loss or tinnitus

69
Q

What is acoustic neuroma?

A

benign tumor in vestibulocochlear CN

-causes hearing and balance issues

70
Q

List the different cranial nerve fibres

A
  • SVE
  • GSE
  • GVE
  • SSA
  • SVA
  • GSA
  • GVA
71
Q

SVE

A 
• special visceral efferent
• brachiomeric arches:
    o	trigeminal
    o	facial
    o	glossopharyngeal
    o	vagus & cranial root accessory
72
Q

GSE

A 
• general somatic efferents
• voluntary motor EXCEPT for brachiometric
    o	oculomotor
    o	troclear
    o	abducens
    o	accessory
    o	hypoglossal
73
Q

GVE

A

• general visceral efferents
• parasympathetic (cranial part)
o oculomotor (ciliary ganglion does pupil constriction)
o facial (gland (not parotid)
o glossopharyngeal (otic ganglion -parotid gland)
o vagus (heart, resp., GIT smooth muscle)

74
Q

SSA

A

• special somatic afferent
• vision and hearing
o optic
o vestibulocochlear

75
Q

SVA

A 
• special visceral afferent
• smell and taste
    o	olfactory
    o	facial (ant. 2/3)
    o	vagus (epiglotus and palate)
    o	glossopharyngeal (post 1/3)
76
Q

GSA

A 
• general somatic afferent
• general sensation
    o	trigeminal
    o	facial (external acoustic meatus)
    o	glossopharyngeal (post 1/3 tongue, tonsils)
    o	vagus (oropharynx)
77
Q

GVA

A

• general visceral afferents
• baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
o glossopharyngeal (carotid body and sinus)
o vagus

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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