Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sensory input of the ANS?

A
  • mostly interoreceptors
  • some somatic senses
  • some special senses

• GVA, SVA, Cranial/spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the control of motor output of the ANS?

A
  • involuntary from hypothalamus limbic system, brain stem, spinal cord
  • limited from cerebral cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the LMN pathway of the ANS?

A

2-neuron pathway:
• preganglionic neuron (from CNS)
-> postganglionic neuron (autonomic ganglion)
-> visceral effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the neurotransmitters and hormones of the ANS?

A
  • ACh -acetylcholine
  • NE- norepinephrine
  • epinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the effectors of the ANS?

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the types of responses from the ANS?

A
  • contraction/relaxation of smooth muscle
  • increased/decreased rate and force of contraction of cardiac muscle
  • increase/decrease gland secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the myelination of neurons along the ANS?

A
  • preganglionic neurons are myelinated

* postganglionic neurons are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the receptors of the ANS?

A
  • Nicotinic
  • Muscurinic
  • Visceral (baro, stretch, chemo, osmotic & glucose, visceral pain, thermal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compare nicotinic vs muscurinic receptors

A

Nicotinic
• ligand-gated ion channels
• faster acting
• sensitive to nicotine

Muscurinic
• G-protein coupled receptor that uses G-protein and secondary messenger system to open ion channel
• sensitive to muscurine (amanita muscaria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Baroreceptor

A
  • in carotid sinus and large arteries -signal change in pressure
  • in atria -signal change in blood volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stretch receptors

A
  • lung inflation / deflation

* signal distension in hollow organs (bladder, gut)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chemoreceptors

A
  • O2 receptors in carotid body and aortic arch

* central chemo signal pH and PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are sensory afferents of the ANS all subconscious?

A
  • mostly yes

* some are conscious: nausea, hunger, pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the path of the sensory afferents of the ANS?

A
  • run within spinal nerves/ splanchnic nerves that carry ANS efferents
  • in the spinal cord, run with somatosensory ascending tracts and anterolateral tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does afferent sensory ANS information go?

A
  • thalamus
  • reticular formation
  • hypotalamus
  • insular cortex
  • solitary nucleus of brainstem
  • limbic system
  • sensory cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the CNS integration and motor output?

A
  • hypothalamus -> controls autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic motor output
  • inputs from: brainstem, limbic, cortex
  • direct relay to GVE nuclei in brainstem - parasympathetic motor outflow along CN III, VII, IX, X
  • direct descending pathways: hypothalamospinal to lateral gray horn (IML nucleus)
17
Q

Describe the sympathetic motor division of the ANS?

A 
Thoracolumbar system
• preganglionic cell bodies in LATERAL GREY HORN of 12 thoracic and upper 2-3 lumbar segments
• 2 groups f ganglia:
-sympathetic trunk ganglia
-prevertebral ganglia
18
Q

What do the prevertebral ganglia do?

A

innervate organs below diaphragm

19
Q

Describe preganglionic neurons

A
  • myelinated B-fibres
  • accompany ventral roots
  • form white rami communicantes
  • synapse on sympathetic chain as SAME level or BELOW
  • may pass through sympathetic chain to prevertebral ganglia via splanchnic autonomic nerves
20
Q

Describe postganglionic neurons

A 
• unmyelinated C fibres
• from grey rami communicantes
• course within all spinal nerves
• sympathetic motor efferents (GVE) from
-T1-3: head and neck
-T3-6: upper limbs
-T7-11: abdominal viscera
-T12-L2: lower limbs, pelvic, perineal organs
21
Q

List the cervical ganglia

A
  • Superior cervical ganglion
  • Middle cervical ganglion
  • Inferior cervical ganglion
22
Q

Describe the Superior cervical ganglion

A

Give rise to:
• gray rami communicante -> enter cervical spinal nerves C1-4 (head and neck)
• plexus around internal carotid artery (serve head and neck) -> pupil dilation, lid elevation, secretion viscosity

23
Q

Describe the Middle cervical ganglion

A

Run to:
• cervical spinal nerves C5 and 6 via gray rami communicantes (upper limb)
• heart

24
Q

Describe the Inferior cervical ganglion

A

Branches run to:
• spinal nerves C7-T1 via gray rami communicantes (upper limb)
• a plexus around the vertebral artery
• the heart

25
Q

Describe the parasympathetic motor division of the ANS

A
  • GVEs of brainstem nuclei for CNIII, IX and X
  • Sacral nerve cell bodies found in intermediate gray matter of S2-4
  • postganglionics are very short
26
Q

List the parasympathetic ganglion (and include what each does)

A
  • Ciliary -> eye
  • Pterygopalatine & Submandibular -> sublingual and submandibular glands
  • Otic -> heart
27
Q

List the adrenergic receptors

A
  • a1
  • a2
  • B1
  • B2
  • B3
28
Q

Compare a1 vs a2 adrenergic receptor

A 
a1:
• excitatory 
• vasoconstriction
• pupil dilation
• sweating
• closure of sphincters
a2:
• inhibitory
• less insuline secretion
• less digestive enzyme secretion
• more coagulation
29
Q

Compare B1, B2, vs B3 adrenergic receptors

A

B1: excitatory
• + HR, SV
• renin, ADH secretion
• lipolysis

B2: inhibitory
• broncho- and vaso-dilation
• glycogenolysis
• calorigenesis
• detrusor, intestinal relaxation

B3: thermogenesis in brown fat stores

30
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?

A

Rest and digest:
• (+) digestive function (CNVII, IX, X): (+) salivary gland secretion, (+) motility, relax sphincters, (+) secretions, contract gallbladder
• micturition (S2-4): contract bladder, relax internal sphincter
• (-) body functions of physical activity: (-) HR, SV (CNIX, X)
• pupil constriction and accommodation for near vision (CNIII)

31
Q

Does the parasympathetic have effect on blood vessels?

A

NO
except for dilatory effects achieved by smooth muscle relaxation of specific blood vessels:
• coronaries
• face (blushing)
• corpora cavernosum of corpus spongiosum of penis, bulb of vestibule and clitoris (arousal)

32
Q

Where do the splanchnic nerves come from (what spinal level)?

A
  • greater T5-9
  • lesser 10-11
  • least T12
33
Q

List the sympathetic ganglions

A
  • Sueprior, middle, inferior cervical
  • Celiac
  • Aortico-renal
  • Superior mesenteric
  • Renal ganglion
  • Inferior mesenteric
34
Q

What does the celiac ganglion innervate?

A
  • liver, gallbladder, bile ducts
  • stomach, spleen , pancreas
  • adrenal glands
  • superior mesenteric ganglion -> small intestine
35
Q

What does the portico-renal ganglion innervate?

A
  • Kidney

* ureter

36
Q

What foes the inferior mesenteric ganglion innervate?

A
  • descending colon
  • rectum
  • urinary bladder
  • external genitals
  • uretus
37
Q

Compare the sympathetic to parasympathetic system, based on where they come from

A

Sympathetic
• thoracolumbar system
• nerves exit from 12 thoracic vert. and L1-3 vert.

Parasympathetic
• cranio-sacral

38
Q

What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves?

A

Parasympathetic cranial nerves: vagus, glosso, vagus, facial

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions