Cranial Nerves

Question 1

CN IV

Answer 1

Name: Trochlear
S,M,B: Motor
Nuceli: general somatic efferent (GSE), trochlear (dorsal midbrain)
Exit from skull: superior orbital fissure
Function: innervates superior oblique muscle

Question 2

CN II

Answer 2

Name: optic 
S,M,B: sensory
Nuclei: special somatic afferent (SSA)
Exit from skull: optic canal
Function: vision

Question 3

CN X

Answer 3

Name: vagus
S,M,B: both
Nuclei:
- general somatic afferent (GSA), trigeminal sensory
- general visceral afferent (GVA), nucleus solitarus
- special somatic afferent (SSA), nucleus solitarius (rostral end)
- special visceral efferent (GVE), nucleus ambiguus
- general visceral efferent (GVE), motor nuclei to vagus
Exit from skull: jugular foramen
Function:
- GSA = general sensation from larynx, pharynx, external acoustic meatus
- GVA = sensory from aortic body, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, lungs, heart, abdomen
- SSA = taste from epiglottis and pharynx
- GVE = innervation of smooth muscle and glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera
- SVE = innervation of palatoglossus (Tongue muscle), soft palate muscles (except tensor veli palatini), pharynx muscles (except stylopharngeus)

Question 4

CN I

Answer 4

Name: olfactory nerve
S,M,B: Sensory
Nuclei: special visceral afferent (SVA)
Exit from skull: cribiform plate
Function: smell

Question 6

CN IX

Answer 6

Name: glossopharngeal
S,M,B: both
Nuclei:
- general somatic afferent (GSA), trigeminal sensory
- special visceral afferent (SVA), nucleus solitarius rostral end
- general visceral afferent (GVA); nucleus solitarius
- special visceral efferent (SVE), nucleus ambiguus
- general visceral efferent (GVE), inferior salivatory nucleus
Exit from skull: jugular foramen
Function:
- GSA = general sensation from posterior 1/3rd of tongue, oropharynx and Eustachian tube
- SVA = taste from posterior 1/3rd of tongue
- GVA = sensory from carotid body and sinus
- GVE = parasympathetic to parotid salivary gland
- SVE = innervation to stylopharngeus

Question 7

CN III

Answer 7

Name: oculomotor
S,M,B: motor
Nuclei: general somatic efferent (GSE), oculomotor (midbrain); general visceral efferent (GVE), edinger westphal (midbrain)
Exit from skull: superior orbital fissure
Function: innervates 4 muscles of the eye, and supplies parasympathetic innervation to sphincter pupillae

Question 8

CN V

Answer 8

Name: Trigeminal
S.M.B: Both
Nuclei:
- general somatic afferent, trigeminal sensory (pons)
- special visceral efferent, trigeminal motor (pons)
Exit from skull: superior orbital fissure (opthalmic), foramen rotundum (maxillary), foramen ovale (mandibular)
Function:
- GSA = sensory to the face and anterior 2/3rds of tongue
- SVE = innervation to muscles of mastication, innervation to mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatine, tensor tympani

Question 9

CN XI

Answer 9

Name: Accessory
S,M,B: Motor
Nuclei: general somatic efferent (GSE), nucleus of acesssory nerve
Exit from skull: jugular foramen
Function: innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 11

CN XII

Answer 11

Name: Hypoglossal
S,M,B: Motor
Nuclei: general somatic efferent (GSE), nucleus of hypoglossal
Exit from skull: hypoglossal canal
Function: innervates Hypoglossus, genioglossus, and styloglossus, and all intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Question 12

CN VI

Answer 12

Name: Abducens
S,M,B: Motor
Nuclei: general somatic efferent (GSE), abducens (pons-medulla junction)
Exit from skull: superior orbital fissure
Function: innervates lateral rectus muscle

Question 14

CN VII

Answer 14

Name: facial
S,M,B: both
Nuclei:
- special visceral afferent (SVA), nucleus solitarius (medulla)
- general somatic afferent (GSA), trigeminal sensory
- special visceral efferent (GVE), facial motor (medulla)
- general visceral efferent (GVE), superior salivatory (medulla)
Exit from skull: facial canal to stylomastoid foramen
Function:
- SVA = taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
- GSA = cutaneous sensation to external ear
- SVE = muscles of facial expression + stapedius, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid muscle
- GVE = parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 16

CN VIII

Answer 16

Name: vestibulocochlear
S,M,B: sensory
Nuclei: special somatic afferent (SVA), vestibulocochlear sensory (pons-medulla junction)
Exit from skull: internal acoustic meatus
Function: balance and hearing