Cranial Nerves

Question 1

I: Olfactory

Answer 1

Smell; sensory; an absence of smell may result from excessive smoking, sinus condition, or cocaine use

Question 2

II: Optic

Answer 2

Vision; sensory; measures long distance, numerator is always 20, denominator is the distance at which a person with normal vision can read a particular line

Question 3

III: Oculomotor

Answer 3

Motor; extraocular movements (EOMs); six cardinal fields of gaze, corneal light reflex test, cover-uncover test

PERRLA- pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation

Related to IV AND VI

Question 4

IV: Trochlear

Answer 4

Inferior medial eye movements; assessed with EOMs; motor

Question 5

V: Trigeminal

Answer 5

Motor and sensory;
motor-muscles of mastication, lateral jaw movement
Sensory- sensation of face, scalp, cornea, mucous membranes of the mouth and nose

Question 6

VI: Abducens

Answer 6

Motor; lateral eye movement

Question 7

VII: Facial

Answer 7

Motor and sensory
Motor- movement of forehead and mouth
Sensory- taste on the anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 8

VIII: Acoustic

Answer 8

Sensory; hearing

Whisper test

Question 9

IX: Glossopharyngeal

Answer 9

Motor and sensory
Motor- uvula rise and fall symmetrically
Sensory- taste posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 10

X: Vagus

Answer 10

Motor and sensory
Motor: gag reflex, talking and swallowing
Sensory: taste posterior 1/3 of tongue

Tested with IX

Question 11

XI: Spinal accessory

Answer 11

Motor; movement of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Rotate head against resistance; shrug shoulders against resistance

Question 12

XII: hypoglossal

Answer 12

Motor; movement of the tongue

Question 13

Mnemonic for cranial nerves

Answer 13

On old Olympus towering tops, a Finn and German viewed some hops

Some say money matters but my brother says big brains matter more

Question 14

Anosmia

Answer 14

Loss of smell due to tobacco use or cocaine use

Question 15

Nystagmus

Answer 15

Abnormal rhythmic oscillations of the eyes

Question 16

Strabismus

Answer 16

Deviating eye, cross eyed, squinting

Question 17

Palpebral fissures

Answer 17

The openings between the eyelids; facial muscles are mediated by the Facial nerve

When closed the lid margins approximate completely, normal finding

Question 18

Tension Headache

Answer 18

Usually both sides, across frontal, temporal, and/or occipital region on the head, gradual onset, last 30 mins to days

Question 19

Migraine

Answer 19

Commonly one side but may occur on both sides, pain is often behind the eyes, the temples, or forehead, last 4-72 hours

Question 20

Cluster headache

Answer 20

Always one sided, often behind eye, temple, forehead and cheek, last 1/2 hour to 2 hours for 1 to 2 months

Question 21

Parotid gland

Answer 21

Swelling occurs below the angle of the jaw and is most visible when the head is extended; may become swollen with the onset of mumps

Question 22

Bruit

Answer 22

Soft, whooshing, pulsatile sound best heard with a bell

Question 23

Capture succedaneum

Answer 23

Edematous swelling and ecchymosis of the presenting part of the head caused by birth trauma

Question 24

Craniotabes

Answer 24

Softening of the skulls outer layer

Question 25

Microcephaly

Answer 25

An abnormally small head

Question 26

Hydrocephalus

Answer 26

Obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid that results in excessive accumulation, increasing intracranial pressure, and enlargement of the head

Question 27

Cephalhematoma

Answer 27

Hemorrhage that is a result of birth trauma, it is soft, fluctuant, and well defined peer one cranial bone.