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Health Assessment > Concepts Exam 1 > Flashcards

Concepts Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CCN Handbook

A

Go to nursing.ua.edu
Scroll over undergraduate tab
Click on CCN student handbook
Click on the link

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2
Q

Resolution of Concerns

A

Course Faculty–>Course Leader–> Assistant Dean of Undergraduate Programs–> Senior Associate Dean for Academic Programs–>Dean

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3
Q

Nurses

A

Respond to the needs of patients
Actively participate in policy
Respond and adapt to challenges
Make clinical judgments and decisions about patients’ health care needs based on knowledge, experience, and standards of care

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4
Q

Nursing

A

Care is provided according to standards of practice and a code of ethics

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5
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

“mother of nursing”
Organized the first school of nursing
First epidemiologist
First nurse researcher
Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
Continues to influence todays practices especially in health education and health promotion

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6
Q

The Civil War (1861 to 1865)

A

prompted the growth of nursing in the United States

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7
Q

The Twentieth Century

A

movement toward scientific. research based practice and defined body of knowledge

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8
Q

The Twenty-First Century

A 
Nursing code of ethics
Changes in Curriculum
Nursing in multiple care settings-hospice, hospitals, research, community
Advances in technology and informatics
End of life care
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9
Q

CEU’s

A

Continuing Education Units
24 every two years
maintain license

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10
Q

Changes in society lead to changes in nursing

A 
health care reform
demographic changes
medically underserved
threat of bioterrorism
rising health care costs
nursing shortage
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11
Q

Nursing as a Profession

A 
5 primary characteristics:
Requires an extended education
Requires a body of Knowledge
Provides a specific service
Has autonomy: ability to make decisions, must be responsible for
Incorporates a code of ethics
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12
Q

Scope and Standards of Practice

A

the goals is to improve the health and well being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice
6 standards of practice

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13
Q

10 standards of professional performance

A

ethics, education, evidence-based practice and research, leadership, collaboration, communication, quality of practice, professional practice evaluation, resources, environmental health

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14
Q

Magnent Status

A

Hospitals are best of the best

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15
Q

Code of ethics

A

code of ethics is the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define principles used to provide care

Accepted by all members of a profession

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16
Q

Nursing Eduaction

A

Professional RN education:
2-year associate’s degree
4-year baccalaureate degree

Graduate Education:
Master’s degree, advanced practice RN
Doctoral Degress

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17
Q

***Nursing Practice: Definition

A

Nurses:
Protect, promote, and optimize our patients’ health
Prevent illness and injury
Alleviate suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses
Advocate for the care of our patients

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18
Q

Nurse Practice Act

A 
Licensure and Certification: NCLEX
Science and art of nursing practice
Benner's stages of nursing proficiency:
Novice: 6 months
Advanced Beginner
Competent: 1 year mark
Proficient
Expert: 5 years
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19
Q

Professional Responsibilites

A

PAST: to provide care and comfort
NOW: to provide care and comfort AND to emphasize health promotion and illness prevention

Affordable care act drove health promotion and illness prevention

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20
Q

Career Development

A

Nursing provides an opportunity for you to commit to life long learning and career development

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21
Q

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

A 
Patient Centered Care
Teamwork
Evidence Based practice
Quality Improvment
Safety
Informatics
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22
Q

Challenges to Health Care

A
  1. Reducing health care cost while maintaining high-quality care for patients
  2. Improving access and coverage for more people
  3. Encouraging healthy behaviors
  4. Earlier hospital discharges result in more patients needing nursing homes or home care
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23
Q

Emphasis on Population Wellness

A

Health Services pyramid:
Managing health instead of illness
Emphasis on wellness
Injury prevention programs

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24
Q

Tertiary Health Care

A

Acute care; in hospitals

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25
Q

Secondary Health Care

A

identification of disease; breast cancer screenings to identify mass

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26
Q

Primary Health Care

A

Prevention based; prevention teaching

focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population

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27
Q

Clinical Preventive Services

A

overlap with primary

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28
Q

Population-based health care services

A

overlap with primary

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29
Q

cost on pyramid

A

least to greatest in cost; tertiary is greatest

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30
Q

National Academy of Medicine

A

nurses need to lead the way; they need to be the change; pushes for nurses to get masters and doctorates

Push nurses to do more

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31
Q

Professional standards review organizations (PSROs)

A

created to review quality of healthcare on medicare and medicaid

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32
Q

Utilization review Committes (URs)

A

if a test was ordered and they didn’t need it, they didn’t pay; for medicare patients

An assessment of the appropriateness and economy of an admission to a health care facility or a continued hospitalization

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33
Q

Prospective Payment System(PPS)

A

1983
eliminated cost based reimbursement

hospital gets a certain amount of money and they must treat them with that; amount does not change no matter how ling you stay

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34
Q

Profitability

A

What the hospitals make when they get you discharged

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35
Q

Managed Care

A

private insurance

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36
Q

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)

A
  1. provided access to healthcare for all
  2. reduce costs
  3. improve quality
  4. drives promoting health care

expanded medicaid

some states opted out; provides penalties to employers who have more than 50 employees

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37
Q

Joint Commission

A

accreditation for hospitals; hospitals must earn

looking at the care the hospitals provide

Preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, continuing

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38
Q

Health Promotion

A

lowers overall costs, reduces incidents of disease, minimize complications, occurs in home, work and community settings

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39
Q

Fastest growing age group of uninsured?

A

young adults

40
Q

Restorative Care

A

Cardiac rehab

  1. serves patients recovering from an acute or chronic illness/disability
  2. Promotes patient independence and self care abilities

rehab services

41
Q

Continuing Care

A

people who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering a terminal disease

42
Q

respite care

A

taking someone to an inpatient facility for the weekend; giving the care givers a break

43
Q

Evidence based practice

A

driving force behind what you do as a nurse;

44
Q

Future of Health Care

A
  1. change opens up opportunities for improvement
  2. address needs for uninsured and the underserved
  3. change depends largely on the active practice of nurses
45
Q

Theory

A

foundation of the art and science of nursing

Theory, research, and practice are bound together in a continuous interactive relationship

46
Q

Theory cont

A

helps explain an event by:

defining ideas or concepts, explaining relationships among the concepts, and predicting outcomes

47
Q

Nursing Theory

A

is a conceptualized of some aspect of nursing and describes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care

48
Q

Components of a theory

A

Phenomenon, concepts, definitions, and assumptions

49
Q

Phenomenon

A

describes the idea or the responses on an event; helps describe the event

50
Q

Concepts

A

Label the phenomenon

51
Q

Definitions

A

Theoretical/Conceptual: define a particular concept- What is pain??
Operational: measure- rate your pain on a scale from 0-10

think about pain

52
Q

Assumptions

A

things within a theory taken for granted

53
Q

Domain of Nursing

A

Perspective of the nursing profession; why we do what we do

54
Q

Paradigm

A

conceptual framework; why we do the things we do

55
Q

Nursing Metaparadigm

A

all the things that encompass nursing; person, health, environment/situation, nursing

56
Q

curriculum era

A

1900-1940s

57
Q

research era

A

1950-1970s

58
Q

graduate education

A

1950-1970s

59
Q

nursings journals era

A

1980-1990s

60
Q

Theory Utilization era

A

2000s-today

61
Q

Types of Theory

A

Grand, middle range, practice theories

62
Q

Grand Theories

A

Broad in scope, complex

Focuses on the whole

63
Q

Middle Range Theories

A

limited in scope, less abstract

64
Q

Practice Theory

A

narrow in scope and focus

certain intervention

65
Q

descriptive

A

describe and identify phenomena in which it occurs

66
Q

prescriptive

A

predict the consequences, address nursing interventions for a phenomena

67
Q

Nursing Knowledge

A

derived from basic and nursing sciences, experience, aesthetics, nurses’ attitudes, and standards of practice

68
Q

Nursing Knowledge

A

derived from basic and nursing sciences, experience, aesthetics, nurses’ attitudes, and standards of practice

theoretical ad experiential

69
Q

Nursing Process

A

input: patient assessment
after you implement different things
output: patients health status for returning to the environment
feedback: successful or unsuccessful

70
Q

Hildegarde Peplau

A

1952
Theory of Interpersonal Relationships

Relations built between nurse, patient and family
Development of nurse-patient relationship

71
Q

Virginia Henderson

A

1955
Need Theory

14 basic needs of individuals
framing nursing care around the needs of the individual

72
Q

Martha Rogers

A

1970
Unitary Human Beings

developed a conceptual model of nursing that focused on the impact of energy fields and patterns have in nurse, patient, and environmental interactions

73
Q

Dorothea Orem

A

1971
2001
Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory

focuses on patients self-care needs
goal is for patient to manage his or her own health problems
Nurse assess why people cant do basic needs

74
Q

Betty Neuman

A

1974
2010
System Model

based on stress and the patient’s reaction to the stressor

75
Q

Sister Calista Roy

A

1976
1989
Adaptation Model

goal of nursing is to help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness.

76
Q

Madeleine Leininger

A

1978
2010
Transcultural Nursing Theory

Focused on cultural diversity, societal structure factors such as religion, politics, culture, and traditions are significant forces affecting care and influencing the patient’s health and illness.

77
Q

Jean Watson

A

1979
Theory of Caring

Promoting and restoring health and preventing illness
defines the outcome of nursing activity with regard to the humanistic aspects of life

78
Q

Patricia Benner & Judith Wrubel

A

1989
Primary of Caring

Caring is central to nursing and creates possibilities for coping, enables possibilities for connecting with others and allows giving and receiving help.

79
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

1860
Environment
Oriented toward providing fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and adequate nutrition

80
Q

Research

A

validates and supports what we do

81
Q

Evidence-Based Care

A

improves quality, safety, and patient outcomes
increase nurse satisfaction
reduce costs

82
Q

Evidence- Based Practice

A

is the conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about patient care

Come from a lab, research, surveys, people at bed side, clinical expertise, patient satisfaction

83
Q

Sources of Evidence

A

Textbooks, articles, standards of care, infection control data, clinicians expertise

cinahl and medline

Current the better, past 5 years- best, most recent

Over ten, don’t look at

84
Q

Steps of Evidence Based Practice

A
  1. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
  2. Ask a clinical question in PICOT format
  3. Search for the most relevant evidence
  4. Critically appraise the evidence you gather
  5. Integrate all evidence with your clinical expertise and patient preferences and values
  6. Evaluate the outcomes of practice decisions or changes using evidence
  7. Share the outcomes with others
85
Q

Cultivate a spirit of inquiry

A

commitment to providing the best care

86
Q

PICOT

A 
P=Patient population of interest
I=intervention of interest
C=comparison of interest
O= Outcome
T=Time
87
Q

Collecting Evidence

A

ask experts for help; medical librarian can identify databases for you

88
Q

Elements of an article

A

Abstract, introduction, literature review, manuscript narrative

89
Q

integrating evidence

A

teaching, assessment or documentation tools, clinical practice guidelines, policies and procedures.

90
Q

applying evidence

A

consider setting, staff support, scope of practice, resources

91
Q

Share Outcomes with others

A

it is important to communicate the results

92
Q

Nursing Research

A

a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively

93
Q

Outcomes research

A

helps patients, health care providers, and those in health care policy make informed decisions on the basis of current evidence

94
Q

Scientific Method

A

step by step process to ensure findings from a study are valid and reliable

95
Q

Standards of Practice

A 
Assessment
Diagnosis
Outcomes identification 
Planning 
Implementation 
Evaluation

Health Assessment (5 decks)

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