Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Give acronym and name of 12 cranial nerves
On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fat Voracious Viewed A Hop
- Olfactory = smell
- Optic= vision
- Oculomotor= 4/ 6 extrinsic eye muscles
- Trochlear= Extrinsic Eye Muscles
- Trigeminal= sensory fibres to the face and motor fires to the chewing muscles
- Abducens= controls eye muscles that turn eye laterally
- Facial= facial expression
- Vestibulocochlear= hearing and balance
- Glosopharyngeal= tongue and pharynx
- Vagus= from medulla - acetylcholine slows heart breathing
- Accessory= accessory part of vagus nerve
- Hypoglossal= moves muscles under tongue
Origin of the Olfactory Nerves I
Olfactory Receptor Cell
Optic Nerves II origin
Retinal Ganglion Cells
Oculomotor nerves origin
- oculomotor nucleus:
- Superior Oblique M
- Levator Palpebrae Superioris
- Superior Rectus M - Edinger Westphal nucleus–> Ciliaris
Trochlear Nerves IV nerve origin and innervation
ORIGIN: Trochlear nerve nucleus (midbrain)–> Superior oblique muscles
Trigeminal Nerves V
Trigeminal sensory nucleus consists of 3-subnuclei:
1-CHIEF (PRINC) SENSORY NUCLEUS= lies in pontine tegmentum (mid-pon), receives touch sensation.
2-SPINAL NUCLEUS= ext caudally through medulla and upper cervical spinal cord to become cont with substantial gelatinous
(apex of the posterior grey column, one of the three grey columns of the spinal cord, is capped by a V-shaped or crescentic mass of translucent, gelatinous neuroglia)
receives pain and temp sensation from face and scalp
3- MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEUS in midbrain, receives proprioception
(deep) sensation from head
Abducens Nerve VI Origin and innervation
ORIGIN: abducens nerve nucleus–> lateral rectus muscle (at junction between pons and medulla)
Facial nerves VII is made up of what 2 components?
Facial nerve proper and Intermediate Nerve (Wrisberg)
Origin of Facial Nerve V
- MOTOR-> facial nerve nucleus (Ms of facial expression)
- Parasympathetic–> Superior Salivatory Nucleus (Sublingual, submandibular & Submental Glands)
- SENSORY–> geniculate ganglion (taste an 2/3 of tongue)
NUCLEUS OF ORIGIN and functions of nerves in Vestibulocochlear Nerves VIII
COCHLEAR NERVE
NOO: spiral ganglia, lying in IAM
F: carries hearing info from organ of corti to cochlear nuclei
VESTIBULAR NERVE
NOO: vestibular ganglion,, lying in internal acoustic meatus
F: carries balance sensationf rom utricle , saccule and semicircular canals (membranous labrynth)
Glossopharyngeal nerves XI
- Origin: medulla
- Innervation: mucous mem and tonsils, pharynx, post 1/3 tongue, pharyngeal muscles, carotid sinus and body
- function: taste from post 1/3 tongue- afferent limb of gag swallow and cardiac reflexes
4/ DF: loss of taste neuralgia
Vagua nerves X
- origin: medulla
- INNERVATION
- muscles of larynx, pharynx and soft palate
- parasympathetic inn of thoracic and abdomina viscera - function:
- muscles of larynx, pharync and soft palate
- sensation converted from the heart, lungs, digestive tract, carotid sinus and body
- efferent limb of gag and swallow reflex - DF:
- loss gag and swallow reflect
- loss of carotid sinus
- occulocardiac reflex; dysphagia
Accessory Nerves XI
origin: medulla
2. INNERVATION: sternocleidomastoid M and trapezius
3. FUNCTION: Motor fucniton SCM & T
4. DF: muscle weakness
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVES XII
- ORIGIN medulla
- INNERVATION: muscles of tongue except palatoglossus
- FUNCITON: movement tongue
- DF:
- unilateral lesions can cause paresis, atrophy, farrowing, fibrillation, and fasciculation on affected half
- on protrusion tongue deviates towards the affected side due to unopposed action of the contralateral GENIOGLOSSUS - FLACCID PARALYSIS
- dysphagia
dysarthria
-dyspenea
- difficulty chewing food
