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Neuro Exam 1 > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are general afferent fibers

A

sensory fibers which have their cells of origin in the craniospinal ganglia (DRG, nuclei/ganglia of specific cranial nerves)

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2
Q

what are the two types of general afferent fibers

A

general somatic afferent

general visceral afferent

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3
Q

what are the types of General somatic afferents

A

exteroceptive

proprioceptive

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4
Q

what is exteroceptive

A

impulses (pain, temp, touch) from epithelium of ectodermal origin

skin
lining of external ear and TM
conjunctiva covering  the palpebral surface of the eye
lining of the external nares
nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
lining of the mouth
anterior two-thirds of the tongue
lining of the cranium (dura mater)
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5
Q

what is proprioceptive

A

impulses from sensory endings in the body wall, tendon and joints

knowing position in space without having to look

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6
Q

what is general visceral afferent GVA

A

fibers carrying sensory impulses (generally pain) from the visceral structures within the body lined by epithelium of ENDODERMAL origin

posterior third of the tongue, ducts of the parotid gland
carotid sinus
pharynx 
pharyngotympanic tube and middle ear
larynx
bronchial tree
esophagus
gut
pancreaticohepatic ducts
linings of the genitourinary ducts

blood vessels

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7
Q

what are special afferent fibers

A

fibers found only in cranial nerves

Special somatic afferent
special visceral afferent

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8
Q

what are special somatic afferents

A

ear and eye (vision hearing and equilibrium)

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9
Q

what are special visceral afferents

A

specialized fibers for olfactory (smell) and gustatory (taste) receptors

named visceral b/c of the functional association of the sensation with the digestive tract (smell something and start to prepare the gut for digestion)

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10
Q

what are general efferent fibers

A

motor fibers which innervate the musculature of the body (except branchiomeric muscles)

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11
Q

what are the two types of general efferent fibers

A

fibers conveying motor impulses to somatic skeletal muscles

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12
Q

what are general visceral efferent

A

autonomic fibers which innervate smooth muscle of the gut tube, blood vessels, and cardiac muscle and fibers which regulate glandular secretion

subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic (GVE-P)

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13
Q

what are the special efferent fibers

A

cranial nerves which innervate a specialized area of skeletal musculature

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14
Q

what are the two types of special efferent fibers

A

special visceral efferent (SVE)

Special somatic efferent (SSE)

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15
Q

SVE (special visceral efferent)

A 
nerves which innervate the skeletal muscles derived from visceral (branchiomeric/pharyngeal) arch mesoderm which includes:
muscles of mastication
facial expression 
pharynx 
palate
larynx

HAS NOTHING to do with autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

special somatic efferent

A

nerve fibers which can reflexively influence sensory input to the ear (not going to discuss much)

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17
Q

GSE CN’s (5)

A 
III
IV
VI
XI
XII

(motor)

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18
Q

SSE CN’s

A

VIII

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19
Q

GVE-P CNs (4)

A

III
VII
XI
X

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20
Q

GVE

A

all spinal nerves

autonomic sympathetic fibers

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21
Q

SVE CN’s (4)

A

V
VII
IX
X

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22
Q

GSA CN’s Proprioceptive (1)

A

Proprioceptive:
All spinal nerves
CN V

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23
Q

GSA CN’s Exteroceptive (4)

A

All spinal nn’s

CNS V, VII, IX, X

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24
Q

SSA proprioceptive (1)

A

CN VIII

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25
Q

SSA exteroceptive (2)

A

CN II, VIII

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26
Q

GVA (3)

A

All spinal nn’s
VII
IX
X

27
Q

SVA smell

A

CN1

28
Q

SVA taste

A

VII
IX
X

29
Q

olfactory nerve components CN1

A

SVA

sense of smell
assists body in preparing for eating by causing reflex salivation and an increase in gastric motility

30
Q

optic nerve (CN 2) components and function

A

SSA

afferent fibers of the retina
primary receptor for the sense of light

31
Q

oculomotor N components (CN 3

A

GSE

GVE-P

32
Q

GSE portion of Oculomotor

A

motor component innervates extra-ocular muscles of the eye which assist in rotational movement of the globe

33
Q

GVE-P of oculomotor nerve (CN3)

A

Parasympathetic innervation of intraocular muscles of the eye responsible for changing the shape of the lens for accomodation (ability to focus on objects both near and far)

and for narrowing of the pupil (papillary constriction)

via inferior division of CNIII and the ciliary ganglion

34
Q

components of CN IV (trochlear)

A

GSE

“Sad eyes” down and out

innervation of on extra-ocular eye muscle (superior oblique)

because this muscle utilizes a pulley to carry out its action, the nerve carries the name of the pulley (trochlea)

35
Q

components of the trigemnial CNV

A

GSA

SVE

36
Q

functions of the GSA portion of the trigeminal n

A

major sensory nerve of the head

innervates a portion of the scalp 
most of the face
all conjunctiva 
epithelium of the nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses and oral cavity 
skin of the outer ear
external auditory meatus
external surface of the TM
cranial dural mater

provides ALL proprioceptive fibers to all skeletal muscles of the head

37
Q

functions of the SVE portion of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

A 
motor innervation to skeletal muscles of the pharyngeal arch origin: specifically the first arch:
muscles of mastication (4) 
mylohyoid
anterior belly of the digastric 
tensor veli palatini 
tensor tympani muscles
38
Q

what CN”s use the trigeminal nerve as a carrier

A

CNS III, VII, IX,

use the trigeminal nerve to distribute fibers to the smooth muscles of the eye (iris and ciliary muscles of the lens) and to the glands of the head (both mucous and salivary)

this is b/c the trigeminal nerve does NOT contain GVE-P cell bodies/fibers of its own but it does distribute to the majority of the structures of the head and face

39
Q

Abducens components (CN VI)

A

GSE

40
Q

function of abducens nerve

A

innervation of one extra-ocular eye muscle –> lateral rectus

because this muscle is responsible for turning the eye laterally it is named for its ability to abduct the eye (Can’t turn the eye)

41
Q

what are the components of the facial nerve (VII)

A 
SVE 
GSA
SVA
GVA
GVE-P
42
Q

sve of facial nerve

A

motor innevation to skeletal muscle of pharyngeal arch origin specifically the second arch

muscles of facial expression
stylohyoid
posterior belly digastric muscle
stapedius (ear)

43
Q

GSA of facial nerve

A

sensory to a poriton of the skin of the external ear and external auditory meatus

44
Q

SVA of facial nerve

A

taste to the anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani

45
Q

GVA of facial nerve

A

sensory to the uppermost portion of the pharynx

46
Q

GVE-P of facial nerve

A

parasympathetic to the lacrimal gland, nasal, palatal, oral and pharyngeal mucous glands via the greater petrosal nerve and the pterygopalatine ganglion

to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands via chorda tympani and the submandibular ganglion

47
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve components and function

A

SSA, SSE

SSA–> afferent fibers from organ of corgi related to sense of hearing
afferent fibers from the semicircular canals, utricle and saccule of the internal ear relative to the sense of equilibrium

SSE–> motor fibers related to modifying auditory input

48
Q

Glossopharyngeal components

A

SVE, GSA, SVA, GVA, GVE-P

49
Q

SVE of CN 9

A

motor innervation to skeletal muscle of pharyngeal arch origin, specifically arch three (stylopharyngeus)

50
Q

GSA of CN 9

A

sensory to a portion of the skin of the external ear

51
Q

SVA of CN 9

A

taste from the posterior third of the tongue

52
Q

GVA of CN9

A

sensory to epithelium of endodermal origin which lines the majority of the phyarnx from the base of the skull to the laryngeal aditus, middle ear, internal surface of the tympanic membrane, tonsils posterior third of tongue, parotid gland, carotid sinus

53
Q

GVE-P of CN 9

A

secretory fibers to the parotid salivary gland via the lesser petrosal nerve and otic ganglion

54
Q

vagus nerve components

A 
SVE 
GSA
SVA
GVA
GVE-P
55
Q

SVE of vagus

A

motor inneration to skeletal muscles of pharygneal arch origin–> specifically arches 4 and 6

muscles of pharynx and palate:
superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
salpingopharyngeus
levator veli palatini
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
larynx:
posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid
transverse and oblique arytenoid
thyroarytenoid
cricothyroid

upper portion of esophagus

56
Q

GSA of vagus

A

cutaneous innervation to the skin of the external ear, external auditory meatus, external surface of the tympanic membrane and dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa

57
Q

SVA of vagus

A

Taste from the epiglottic surface of the tongue in the area of the epiglottic valleculae

58
Q

GVA of the vagus

A

sensory innervation to epithelium of endodermal origin which lines to root of the tongue, larynx, lining of the respiratory system, heart, entire gut tube to distal third of transverse colon, to the capsule of other visceral organs (liver, spleen, kidney) and to the gonads

59
Q

GVE-P of the vagus

A 
parasympathetic innervation to:
mucous glands in the larynx
smooth muscle and glands of the gut tube to the distal third of transverse colon
respiratory system 
cardiac muscle
60
Q

Spinal accessory nerve components and function

A

CN 11
GSE

Motor innervation to the SCM and trapezius

61
Q

Hypoglossal components and function

A

CN XII
GSE

Motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue :
Styloglossus
genioglossus
hyoglossus
intrinsic muscles of the tongue (longitudinal, vertical and transverse)

62
Q

what are the components of the superior ganglion of cranial nerve 10 (vagus)
inferior ganglion?

A

superior–> GSA

inferior–> GVA and SVA

63
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

opthalmic nerve CNV1

maxillary nerve CNV2
mandibular nerve CNV3

Neuro Exam 1 (9 decks)

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