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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Number 1, name?

A

Olfactory

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2
Q

Number 2, name?

A

Optic

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3
Q

Number 3, name?

A

Oculomotor

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4
Q

Number 4, name?

A

Trochlear

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5
Q

Number 5, name?

A

Trigeminal

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6
Q

Number 6, name?

A

Abducens

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7
Q

Number 7, name

A

Facial

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8
Q

Number 8 name?

A

Vestibulocochlear

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9
Q

Number 9 name

A

Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

Number 10 name

A

Vagus

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11
Q

Number 11 name

A

Accessory

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12
Q

Number 12, name

A

Hypoglossal

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13
Q

Segment 1

A

Pharyngeal arch-> none

Ventral root Nerve-> Oculomotor
Somite SE ->Most orbital muscles

Dorsal root nerve->Trigeminal (Ophthalmic)
Ectoderm SA-Skin of top of head
Endoderm AA-None
Glands AE-None
Lateral plate mesoderm-None
Pouches-None

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14
Q

Segment 2

A

Segment 2:

Pharyngeal arch-> 1

Ventral root Nerve-> Trochlear
Somite SE ->Dorsal oblique

Dorsal root nerve->Trigeminal (Maxillary and Mandibular)
Ectoderm SA-Skin of face, rostral ⅔ of tongue
Endoderm AA-None
Glands AE-None
Lateral plate mesoderm-Chewing muscles (malleus and incus)
Pouches-Middle ear, eustachian tube

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15
Q

Segment 3

A

Pharyngeal arch-> 2

Ventral root Nerve-> Abducens
Somite SE ->Lateral rectus and retractor bulbi/ oculi

Dorsal root nerve->Facial
Ectoderm SA-Negligible
Endoderm AA-Thyroid gland
Glands AE-Mandibular/Sublingual Salivary, Nasal, Lacrimal Glands
Lateral plate mesoderm-Facial muscles/stapes and hyoid
Pouches-Tonsil

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16
Q

Segment 4

A

Pharyngeal arch-> 3

Ventral root Nerve-> None

Dorsal root nerve->Glosso-pharyngeal
Ectoderm SA-Negligible
Endoderm AA-Pharynx, caudal ⅓ of tongue, carotid body/sinus
Glands AE-Parotid Salivary Gland
Lateral plate mesoderm-Stylo-pharyngeal muscle/hyoid
Pouches-Thymus, parathyroid

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17
Q

Segment 5

A

Pharyngeal arch-> 4

Ventral root Nerve-> None

Dorsal root nerve->Vagal-accessory complex
Ectoderm SA-Negligible
Endoderm AA-Rostral larynx, common larynx
Glands AE-GI Tract Glands
Lateral plate mesoderm-Pharyngeal muscles and cricothyroid muscle/laryngeal cartilages
Pouches-Thymus, parathyroid, ultimobranchial body

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18
Q

Segment 6

A

Pharyngeal arch-> 5
Ventral root Nerve-> Hypoglossal
Somite SE ->Somites migrate to form tongue muscle

Dorsal root nerve->None

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19
Q

Segment 7

A

Pharyngeal arch-> 6

Ventral root Nerve-> hypoglossal

Dorsal root nerve->Vagus-Accessory complex
Ectoderm SA-none
Endoderm AA-caudal larynx, oesophagus, respiratory
Glands AE- GI tract Glands
Lateral plate mesoderm-Laryngeal muscles/laryngeal cartilages
Pouches-none

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21
Q

Ophthalmic division of V

A

l Ectoderm only therefore
SA only

l SA
-skin of forehead & upper eyelid (zygomaticaotemporal n. & frontal n.)
-Cornea (long ciliary nn.)
-Medial eyelid / canthus (infratrochlear n.)
-Dorsal turbinates (ethmoidal n.)
-Base of horn in ox (cornual n.)

22
Q

Maxillary Division of V

A

l Ectoderm only therefore SA only
l Skin of lower eyelid (zygomatic n.)
l Mucosa of nasal cavity (caudal nasal n.)
l Mucosa of hard palate (major palatine n.)
l Mucosa of soft palate (minor palatine n.)
l Cheek & incisor teeth of upper jaw (maxillary alveolar nn.)
l Upper lips, vibrissae, muzzle (cutaneous branches)
l Vestibule of nostril (rostral nasal n.)

23
Q

Mandibular division of V

A

l Ectoderm = SA
l Lining of cheeks (buccinator n.)
l Lower teeth & lower lip (mandibular alveolar and mental nn.)
l Auricular & temporal regions (auricular & temporal branches)
l Rostral 2/3 of tongue (lingual n.)

l Muscles of Chewing = SVE
l Jaw closers
l Masseter m.
l Pterygoid m.
l Temporalis m.
l Jaw opener
l Rostral belly of Digastricus m (mylohyoid n.)
l Other muscles
l Tensor tympani m.
l Tensor veli palatini m.

24
Q

Nasal cavity

A

l Dorsal turbinates from ectoderm of segment 1
l Ethmoidal n. from Opthalmic V
l Rest of nasal cavity from ectoderm of segment 2
l Caudal nasal n. & rostral nasal n. from Maxillary V

25
Rostral oral cavity
Presence of mouth separates trigeminal into maxillary & mandibular l Maxillary V l Palate (palatine n.) l Upper teeth (max. alveolar n.) l Mandibular V l Lower teeth (mand. alveolar n.) l Cheek lining (buccinator n.) l Tongue (lingual n.)
26
Horn of ruminants and nerves
Variation in individuals l 5 nerves involved l Trigeminal branches l Cornual n. l Cornual br. Of infratrochlear n. l Frontal n. l Nerve to frontal sinus (never superficial) l Cutaneous from C1 / C2
27
Muscles of chewing
l Arch 1 (segment 2) gives rise to muscles of chewing: l Jaw closers l Masseter m. l Medial & Lateral Pterygoid mm. l Temporalis m. l Jaw opener l Digastricus l 2 bellies, cranial from Arch 1 therefore innervated by V, caudal from Arch 2 therefore innervated by VII l All innervated by mandibular V (SVE)
28
Damage to trigeminal nerve
l Loss of sensation (SA) l Inability to chew (SVE) l Sometimes seen in dogs l Dropped lower jaw l Ridged appearance to crown of head due to wasting of temporalis muscle
29
Local anaesthesia of lower lip
l Can be torn l Mental foramen (mental n. supplying SA to lower lip) palpable on outer mandible
30
Vagal-Accessory Complex components
l Vagus (X) l SA, AA, AE to head l Also major AA (& AE) to thoracic / abdominal viscera l Cranial division of Accessory (XI) l SVE to head l [Spinal divison of XI is SE to some neck muscles]
31
VAGAL-Accessory complex pharyngeal arch
Pharyngeal arch 4 & 6 l SA l External ear (auricular nerve) l AA l Epithelium of cervical oesophagus, caudal larynx, trachea (rec. laryngeal n.), cranial larynx (cr. laryngeal n.), lungs (pulmonary branches) l Chemo / baro-receptors in aorta (aortic n.) l Taste in pharyngeal mucosa surrounding larynx (cr. laryngeal n.) l Epithelium of GI tract to transverse colon l AE l GI tract to transverse colon l SVE l Muscles of pharynx / larynx (pharyngeal / rec. laryngeal n.) l Cricothyroideus (cr. laryngeal n.) l MASSIVE AA/AE COMPONENT, SVE VIA CRANIAL DIVISON OF XI
32
Facial Nerve Segment
Segment 3 l Pharyngeal arch 2 therefore has dorsal root nerve (= CN VII) l Supplies some autonomic nerves to segments 1 & 2 because Trigeminal (CN V) has lost all its autonomic components l Travels through middle ear cavity (in facial canal of petrous temporal bone) l Vulnerable to injury if middle ear becomes infected l Some major branches subcutaneous l Vulnerable to injury
33
Facial nerve 4 types of neuron
l SA l Skin of external ear (int. auricular n.) l AA l Taste from rostral 2/3rds of tongue (chorda tympani) l Taste from palate (major petrosal n.) l AE l Mandibular / sublingual salivary glands (chorda tympani) l Nasal glands / lacrimal glands (major petrosal n.) l SVE l Facial muscles (buccal nn., nerves to individual muscles) l Caudal belly of digastricus
34
Major petrosal nerve (VII) to pterygopalatine ganglion
l AE to lacrimal gland via opthalmic V l AE to to nasal glands via caudal nasal n. (maxillary V) l AA (SVA) to taste from palate via palatine n. (maxillary V)
35
l Chorda tympani (VII)
Lingual n. (mandibular V) l AA (SVA) Taste from rostral 2/3rds of tongue l AE to mandibular / sublingual salivary glands
36
SVE to facial muscles
l Caudal auricular nn. l Caudal muscles of external ear (along with C1/C2) l Auriculopalpebral n. l Rostral muscles of external ear (auricular n.) l Muscles of eyelid / face (palpebral n.) l Dorsal / Ventral Buccal nn. l Facial muscles l Branch to caudal belly of digastricus l Branch to stylohyoid muscle l Branch to stapedius muscle
37
Nostril muscles role
-dilation of nostrils in breathing -very important in racing horse
38
Cheek muscles role
-buccinator muscles -like a diaphragm keeping cheek taught
39
Lip and eyelid muscles
Oval slit with flaps above and below
40
3 types of lip and eyelid muscles
-Closer, orbicularis oris/oculae -lift upper flap, levator labii/palpebrae superioris -depress lower flap, depressor labii/ palpebrae inferioris
41
Eyelid facial muscles
-an extra lifter medially ->levator anguli oculis -a refractor laterally ->refractor anguli oculis -bundles of smooth muscle -> lift upper lip/depress lower lid
42
Ear muscles
l Pull ear forwards l Pull ear backwards l Adduct ear (towards mid-line) l Abduct ear (away from mid- line)
43
Cervicoauricularis muscle
l Pulls ear back l Attaches laterally on cartilage l Therefore also rotates ear outwards
44
Nerve supply of nostril lip and cheek muscles
Dorsal/ventral buccal branches of Facial VII
45
Nerve supply eyelid muscles
-mainly by Facial VII -Except-> levator palpebrae superioris-Occulomotor III ->Smooth muscle-sympathetic from cranial cervical ganglion -important in neurological diagnosis as damage of these can cause ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid)
46
Drooping of upper eyelid
Ptosis
47
Ear muscles
-rostral (forward+abductors)= auricular n. (Branch of auriculopalpebral n.) -caudal (backwards+adductors)= caudal auricular -> also supplied by C1/C2 via great auricular
48
Paralysis of Facial Nerve
Buccal nn. & auriculopalpebral nn. subcutaneous therefore prone to damage l Loss of tone in muscles of lips & nostrils l Loss of ability to retain bolus in mouth (buccinator muscle) l Food accumulates in cheek causing bulging l Slight ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid) l Innervation by CN III & sympathetic prevent total ptosis l Weak palpebral / corneal reflex l Due to paralysis of orbicularis oculi l Ear rotated outwards & caudally (aggressive horse) l Supply by C1/C2 to cervicoauricularis muscle intact
49
Glosso-pharyngeal nerve
-pharyngeal Arch 3 -SA: external ear (tympanic nerve) -AA: taste (SVA) & sensation to caudal 1/3 of tongue and pharynx /// chemo/baro-receptors(carotid sinus nerve) -AE: Parotid salivary gland ( minor petrosal nerve) -SVE: stylopharyngeus muscle

Forelimb (11 decks)

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