cranial nerves

Question 1

the cranial nerves come

Answer 1

directly from the brain or brain stem

Question 2

how many cranial nerves

Answer 2

12

Question 3

CN I

Answer 3

olfactory- sensory

Question 4

CN II

Answer 4

optic- sensory

Question 5

CN III

Answer 5

oculomotor
inv superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebral
parasympathetic- from edinger-westphal nucleus to sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle

Question 6

parasympathetic for CN III

Answer 6

from edinger-westphal nucleus to sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle

Question 7

CN IV

Answer 7

trochlear
innervates superior oblique muscle
look down/inward

Question 8

CN VI

Answer 8

abducens
innervates lateral rectus muscle
move eyes side to side

Question 9

CN V

Answer 9

trigeminal- motor/sensory
“dentist’s” nerve

Question 10

branches of trigeminal

Answer 10

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

Question 11

CN VII

Answer 11

facial- motor/sensory
muscles of facial expressions
innervates posterior digastric
sensory external ear and taste anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 12

parasympathetic fibers of facial nerve to

Answer 12

lacrimal gland, submandibular, and sublingual gland

Question 13

CN VIII

Answer 13

vestibulocochlear (auditory)- sensory
innervates inner ear
for hearing, equilibrium, balance

Question 14

CN IX

Answer 14

glossopharyngeal- motor and sensory
parasympathetic innervation to parotid
innervates stylopharyngess muscle
active in gag reflex- elevates soft palate

Question 15

what cranial nerve is active in gag reflex

Answer 15

glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
vagus (CN X)

Question 16

CN X

Answer 16

vagus- motor, sensory
innervates muscles of pharynx and larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera
involved in gag reflex and swallowing

Question 17

CN XI

Answer 17

spinal accessory- motor
innervates muscles of pharynx (cranial part and travel with vagus), trapezius (upper), SCM
shrug shoulders, turn head side to side

Question 18

what cranial nerve has unique origin from spinal cord

Answer 18

spinal accessory (CN XI)

Question 19

CN XII

Answer 19

hypoglossal- motor
innervate genioglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus of tongue, plus intrinsic muscles of tongue
assess speech, stick tongue out, move side to side

Question 20

when does CN screening need to be done

Answer 20

when there is OFP that cannot be localized

Question 21

parts of ANS

Answer 21

parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric considered 3rd part (regulates digestion)

Question 22

2 neuron systems of ANS

Answer 22

preganglionic (myelinated) and postganglionic (unmyelinated)

Question 23

neurotransmitters of ANS

Answer 23

norepinephrine (postsynaptic)
acetylcholine (presynaptic)

Question 24

sympathetic NS known as

Answer 24

fight or flight

Question 25

parasympathetic NS known as

Answer 25

rest and digest

Question 26

enteric system-major neurotransmission is

Answer 26

Ach, nitric oxide, serotonin

Question 27

hypothalamus exerts control over

Answer 27

ANS and helps maintain homeostasis

Question 28

base level of ANS

Answer 28

tone

Question 29

is ANS always active

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

sympathetic NS nerves originate in

Answer 30

spinal column between T1 and L2, preganglionic

Question 31

sympathetic NS pass into

Answer 31

sympathetic chain on each side of spinal column

Question 32

sympathetic NS nerves leave ganglia as

Answer 32

postganglionic or may travel up or down sympathetic chain

Question 33

sympathetic NS nerve may pass back into

Answer 33

spinal nerves at all levels, mostly C fibers

Question 34

what percent of skeletal nerves are sympathetic fibers

Answer 34

8%

Question 35

sympathetically maintained OFP involves

Answer 35

sphenopalatine ganglion associated with injury to V2 of CN V, related to vascular heads and facial neuralgia involves stellate ganglion, most common post herpetic neuralgia

Question 36

parasympathetic distribution

Answer 36

CN III Occulomotor CN VII Facial CN IX Glossopharyngeal CN X Vagus

Question 37

parasympathetic- preganglionic fibers go to

Answer 37

the structures being targetted

Question 38

parasympathetic- post ganglionic neurons are in

Answer 38

wall of targeted structure- 1mm to few cm long

Question 39

what percent of all nerve fibers in CN X (vagus)

Answer 39

75%

Question 40

parasympathetic CN- CN III Occulomotor

Answer 40

to pupillary sphincters and ciliary muscles of the eye

Question 41

parasympathetic CN- CN VIII Facial

Answer 41

to lacrimal, nasal and submandibular glands

Question 42

parasympathetic CN- CN IX Glossopharyngeal

Answer 42

to parotid gland

Question 43

parasympathetic CN- CN X Vagus

Answer 43

to thoracic and abdominal regions