anatomy of pharynx and larynx Flashcards
the pharynx is what kind of tube
fibromuscular tube semi circular in cross section, anterior to vertebral column
pharynx extends from
base of skull to lower border of cricoid cartilage (C6)
how many muscles responsible for action of pharynx and what they aid in
6- 3 circularly layered one on top of other, 3 vertically oriented
aid in act of swallowing
how long is pharynx
5 inches
pharynx is _____ to nasal and oral cavity
posterior
how many segments of pharynx and how many
3- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (hypopharynx) (lower portion)
overall role of pharynx
moves food to esophagus and air to lungs, involves in swallowing, breathing, voice
nasopharynx
extension of nasal airway, important route for respiration
oropharynx
continuation of nasopharynx, involves swallowing, major area of concern associated with tongue and airway collapse
laryngopharynx
continuation of oropharynx, leads to esophagus and trachea
nasal pharynx known as
carburetor of body
oropharynx includes
soft palate, uvula, tonsils, base of tongue
oropharynx is involved in
swallowing, first line of defense for infection, collapse associated with apnea
hypopharynx leads to
esophagus and trachea, continue with swallowing and breathing, may factor in apnea
how many layers of pharynx and what are they
5
innermost (mucous membrane)
submucosa
pharyngobasilar fossa- anchors pharynx to skull, fibrous layer
muscular- superior constrictor innermost, inferior outermost
buccopharyngeal fascia- loose layer of connective tissue, continuous with fascia over buccinator muscle and pharyngeal muscle
skeletal attachments of pharynx
superior- posterior edge of medial pterygoid plate inferior to pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)
continues to pterygoid hamalus
descends along pterygomandibular raphe and joins with buccinator
pharynx relates to _____ at lower aspect of ______
hyoid bone, stylohyoid ligament
pharynx continues along _____ to _____
hyoid to greater horn
most inferior part of pharynx attaches at
superior tubercle of thyroid cartilage to inferior tubercle, continues to cricoid cartilage
wall of pharynx- how many layers and what are they
innermost layer- mucous membrane, continuous with lining of mouth and into trachea
submucosa- between mucous and muscles, thicker in area of basilar portion of occipital area
buccinator connects to _____ at ______
superior constrictor, pterygomandibular raphe
pharynx is composed of
3 constrictor muscles
3 longitudinal muscles
soft palate
cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)
pharyngeal plexus
main motor and sensory innervation of pharynx
pharyngeal plexus is made up of
pharyngeal branch glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
pharyngeal branch vagus (CN X)
cranial portion spinal accessory (CN XI)
how many muscles make up the superior pharyngeal constrictor and what are they
4 muscles- pterygopharyngeal, buccopharyngeal, mylopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal
how many muscles make up the middle pharyngeal constrictor and what are they
2 muscles- chondropharyngeal, ceratopharyngeal
superior and middle constrictor action and inv
action- constrict upper and middle portion of pharynx
inv- pharyngeal plexus (motor-pharyngeal branch vagus and cranial part spinal accessory, sensory- hypoglossal and vagus)
how many muscles makeup the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and what are they
2 muscles- thyropharyngeal, cricopharyngeal
longitudinal muscles of pharynx and action
stylopharyngess- elevates pharynx
salpingopharyngeus- elevate pharynx
palatopharyngeus- elevate pharynx and closes oropharyngeal isthmus
tensor and elevator veli palatini
elevate soft palate while swallowing
what causes apertures of pharynx
overlap of constrictor muscles leaves 4 opening
between base of skull and superior constrictor
auditory tube, levator palatini, ascending pharyngeal artery, ascending palatine artery
between superior and middle constrictor
stylopharyngeus, CN IX, tonsillar branch ascending palatine artery, stylohyoid ligament
between middle and inferior constrictor
internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery and vein
inferior to inferior constrictor
recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior laryngeal artery and vein
tonsils of pharynx
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
palatine tonsils (the tonsils)
lingual tonsil (posterior third of tongue)
other small lymphoid tissue present near pharyngotympanic tube in nasopharynx upper surface soft palate
what do the tonsils of pharynx make up and its significance
waldeyers rings, create upper airway obstruction and breathing issues
buccinator muscle connects to
modiolus buccinator (attaches to orbicularis, soft tissue attached)- in anterior near oral cavity
in posterior at pterygomandibular raphe connects to superior constrictor
blood supply of pharynx
ascending pharyngeal artery, ECA medial group
ascending palatine artery from facial artery of ECA
tonsillar artery
maxillary artery
lingual artery
innervation of pharynx
hypoglossal, vagus, recurrent laryngeal, external laryngeal, glossopharyngeal (CN IX, GVA to pharyngeal muscles), pharyngeal plexus
act of swallowing
as bolus of food moves into oropharynx by action of tongue, soft palate elevates
passavants ridge forms (based on action of palatopharyngeus muscle at level of C1)
superior constrictor assists
tensor and levator veli palatini assist in closing of nasopharynx
as bolus moves toward esophagus, larynx elevate, epiglottis closes off trachea
larynx is what kind of structure
hollow musculoligamentous structure , framework is ligamentous
larynx starts
just posterior to tongue and is suspended by hyoid (very mobile
larynx caps
posterior respiratory tract (trachea)
larynx is ____ with the trachea
continuous
how does larynx aid in swallowing
aids in opening the esophagus due to upward and forward movement
what is the main connection between the pharynx and trachea
larynx
larynx prevent
foreign bodies from entering airway
larynx is located
between C3 and C6 at midline
larynx is involved in
phonation
larynx is formed by
9 cartilages- 3 paired and 3 unpairs
larynx acts as a
sphincter to close airway and produce sound
cartilage of larynx
thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, epiglottis, corniculate and cuneiform
thyroid cartilage
unpaired/pargest, between C4 and C6, connects to hyoid
cricoid cartilage
unpaired/only complete ring, at C6
arytenoid cartilage
paired, forms framework for vocal cords
epiglottis
unpaired, closes of airway
corinculate and cuneiform
lie in aryepiglottic fold
muscles of larynx
cricothyoird, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid and aryepiglotticus, thyroarytenoid and thyroepiglotticus, vocalis
cricothyroid
only muscle outside larynx, forward and downward rotation of thyroid cartilage
posterior cricoarytenoid
only abductor of vocal cord, safety muscle of larynx, abduction and external rotation of arytenoid cartilage
lateral cricothyroid
internal rotation of arytenoid cartilage
transverse arytenoid
unpaired, adduction of arytenoid cartilage
oblique arytenoid
sphincter of laryngeal inlet
thyroarytenoid
sphincter of vestibule and laryngeal inlet
vocalis
adjusts tension on vocal folds
vascular innervation of larynx
arteries- superior laryngeal from ECA and inferior laryngeal from inferior thyroid artery off subclavian
veins- superior laryngeal drains into IJV via superior thyroid and inferior laryngeal drains into brachiocephalic vein via inferior thyroid
nerve supply to larynx
motor and sensory- vagus (CN X)
internal laryngeal- sensory branch of superior laryngeal from vagus
external laryngeal- motor branch of superior laryngeal from vagus
recurrent laryngeal- sensory and motor branch of vagus, sensory to laryngeal cavity and motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid
what nerve provides sensory and motor branch of vagus, sensory to laryngeal cavity and motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid
recurrent laryngeal
