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ANT 1001 > anatomy of pharynx and larynx > Flashcards

anatomy of pharynx and larynx Flashcards

1
Q

the pharynx is what kind of tube

A

fibromuscular tube semi circular in cross section, anterior to vertebral column

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2
Q

pharynx extends from

A

base of skull to lower border of cricoid cartilage (C6)

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3
Q

how many muscles responsible for action of pharynx and what they aid in

A

6- 3 circularly layered one on top of other, 3 vertically oriented
aid in act of swallowing

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4
Q

how long is pharynx

A

5 inches

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5
Q

pharynx is _____ to nasal and oral cavity

A

posterior

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6
Q

how many segments of pharynx and how many

A

3- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (hypopharynx) (lower portion)

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7
Q

overall role of pharynx

A

moves food to esophagus and air to lungs, involves in swallowing, breathing, voice

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8
Q

nasopharynx

A

extension of nasal airway, important route for respiration

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9
Q

oropharynx

A

continuation of nasopharynx, involves swallowing, major area of concern associated with tongue and airway collapse

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10
Q

laryngopharynx

A

continuation of oropharynx, leads to esophagus and trachea

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11
Q

nasal pharynx known as

A

carburetor of body

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12
Q

oropharynx includes

A

soft palate, uvula, tonsils, base of tongue

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13
Q

oropharynx is involved in

A

swallowing, first line of defense for infection, collapse associated with apnea

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14
Q

hypopharynx leads to

A

esophagus and trachea, continue with swallowing and breathing, may factor in apnea

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15
Q

how many layers of pharynx and what are they

A

5
innermost (mucous membrane)
submucosa
pharyngobasilar fossa- anchors pharynx to skull, fibrous layer
muscular- superior constrictor innermost, inferior outermost
buccopharyngeal fascia- loose layer of connective tissue, continuous with fascia over buccinator muscle and pharyngeal muscle

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16
Q

skeletal attachments of pharynx

A

superior- posterior edge of medial pterygoid plate inferior to pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)
continues to pterygoid hamalus
descends along pterygomandibular raphe and joins with buccinator

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17
Q

pharynx relates to _____ at lower aspect of ______

A

hyoid bone, stylohyoid ligament

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18
Q

pharynx continues along _____ to _____

A

hyoid to greater horn

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19
Q

most inferior part of pharynx attaches at

A

superior tubercle of thyroid cartilage to inferior tubercle, continues to cricoid cartilage

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20
Q

wall of pharynx- how many layers and what are they

A

innermost layer- mucous membrane, continuous with lining of mouth and into trachea
submucosa- between mucous and muscles, thicker in area of basilar portion of occipital area

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21
Q

buccinator connects to _____ at ______

A

superior constrictor, pterygomandibular raphe

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22
Q

pharynx is composed of

A

3 constrictor muscles
3 longitudinal muscles
soft palate
cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)

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23
Q

pharyngeal plexus

A

main motor and sensory innervation of pharynx

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24
Q

pharyngeal plexus is made up of

A

pharyngeal branch glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
pharyngeal branch vagus (CN X)
cranial portion spinal accessory (CN XI)

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25
Q

how many muscles make up the superior pharyngeal constrictor and what are they

A

4 muscles- pterygopharyngeal, buccopharyngeal, mylopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal

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26
Q

how many muscles make up the middle pharyngeal constrictor and what are they

A

2 muscles- chondropharyngeal, ceratopharyngeal

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27
Q

superior and middle constrictor action and inv

A

action- constrict upper and middle portion of pharynx
inv- pharyngeal plexus (motor-pharyngeal branch vagus and cranial part spinal accessory, sensory- hypoglossal and vagus)

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28
Q

how many muscles makeup the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and what are they

A

2 muscles- thyropharyngeal, cricopharyngeal

29
Q

longitudinal muscles of pharynx and action

A

stylopharyngess- elevates pharynx
salpingopharyngeus- elevate pharynx
palatopharyngeus- elevate pharynx and closes oropharyngeal isthmus

30
Q

tensor and elevator veli palatini

A

elevate soft palate while swallowing

31
Q

what causes apertures of pharynx

A

overlap of constrictor muscles leaves 4 opening

32
Q

between base of skull and superior constrictor

A

auditory tube, levator palatini, ascending pharyngeal artery, ascending palatine artery

33
Q

between superior and middle constrictor

A

stylopharyngeus, CN IX, tonsillar branch ascending palatine artery, stylohyoid ligament

34
Q

between middle and inferior constrictor

A

internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery and vein

35
Q

inferior to inferior constrictor

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior laryngeal artery and vein

36
Q

tonsils of pharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
palatine tonsils (the tonsils)
lingual tonsil (posterior third of tongue)
other small lymphoid tissue present near pharyngotympanic tube in nasopharynx upper surface soft palate

37
Q

what do the tonsils of pharynx make up and its significance

A

waldeyers rings, create upper airway obstruction and breathing issues

38
Q

buccinator muscle connects to

A

modiolus buccinator (attaches to orbicularis, soft tissue attached)- in anterior near oral cavity
in posterior at pterygomandibular raphe connects to superior constrictor

39
Q

blood supply of pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal artery, ECA medial group
ascending palatine artery from facial artery of ECA
tonsillar artery
maxillary artery
lingual artery

40
Q

innervation of pharynx

A

hypoglossal, vagus, recurrent laryngeal, external laryngeal, glossopharyngeal (CN IX, GVA to pharyngeal muscles), pharyngeal plexus

41
Q

act of swallowing

A

as bolus of food moves into oropharynx by action of tongue, soft palate elevates
passavants ridge forms (based on action of palatopharyngeus muscle at level of C1)
superior constrictor assists
tensor and levator veli palatini assist in closing of nasopharynx
as bolus moves toward esophagus, larynx elevate, epiglottis closes off trachea

42
Q

larynx is what kind of structure

A

hollow musculoligamentous structure , framework is ligamentous

43
Q

larynx starts

A

just posterior to tongue and is suspended by hyoid (very mobile

44
Q

larynx caps

A

posterior respiratory tract (trachea)

45
Q

larynx is ____ with the trachea

A

continuous

46
Q

how does larynx aid in swallowing

A

aids in opening the esophagus due to upward and forward movement

47
Q

what is the main connection between the pharynx and trachea

A

larynx

48
Q

larynx prevent

A

foreign bodies from entering airway

49
Q

larynx is located

A

between C3 and C6 at midline

50
Q

larynx is involved in

A

phonation

51
Q

larynx is formed by

A

9 cartilages- 3 paired and 3 unpairs

52
Q

larynx acts as a

A

sphincter to close airway and produce sound

53
Q

cartilage of larynx

A

thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, epiglottis, corniculate and cuneiform

54
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

unpaired/pargest, between C4 and C6, connects to hyoid

55
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

unpaired/only complete ring, at C6

56
Q

arytenoid cartilage

A

paired, forms framework for vocal cords

57
Q

epiglottis

A

unpaired, closes of airway

58
Q

corinculate and cuneiform

A

lie in aryepiglottic fold

59
Q

muscles of larynx

A

cricothyoird, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid and aryepiglotticus, thyroarytenoid and thyroepiglotticus, vocalis

60
Q

cricothyroid

A

only muscle outside larynx, forward and downward rotation of thyroid cartilage

61
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid

A

only abductor of vocal cord, safety muscle of larynx, abduction and external rotation of arytenoid cartilage

62
Q

lateral cricothyroid

A

internal rotation of arytenoid cartilage

63
Q

transverse arytenoid

A

unpaired, adduction of arytenoid cartilage

64
Q

oblique arytenoid

A

sphincter of laryngeal inlet

65
Q

thyroarytenoid

A

sphincter of vestibule and laryngeal inlet

66
Q

vocalis

A

adjusts tension on vocal folds

67
Q

vascular innervation of larynx

A

arteries- superior laryngeal from ECA and inferior laryngeal from inferior thyroid artery off subclavian
veins- superior laryngeal drains into IJV via superior thyroid and inferior laryngeal drains into brachiocephalic vein via inferior thyroid

68
Q

nerve supply to larynx

A

motor and sensory- vagus (CN X)
internal laryngeal- sensory branch of superior laryngeal from vagus
external laryngeal- motor branch of superior laryngeal from vagus
recurrent laryngeal- sensory and motor branch of vagus, sensory to laryngeal cavity and motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

69
Q

what nerve provides sensory and motor branch of vagus, sensory to laryngeal cavity and motor to intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

A

recurrent laryngeal

ANT 1001 (5 decks)

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