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Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cranial nerves responsible for?

A

all innervation of the head except for the back of the head and posterior to the ears

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2
Q

what are the three types of motor fibers?

A

somatic, branchial, and visceral motor

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3
Q

what are the three types of sensory fibers?

A

visceral, general, and special sense

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4
Q

what are somatic motor fibers?

A

efferent fibers, which are typically voluntary skeletal muscles

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5
Q

what are branchial motor fibers?

A

voluntary muscles, but are derived from embryological structures on the ventral half of the body; the branchial arches

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6
Q

what are visceral motor fibers?

A

the effector fibers of the parasympathetic system

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7
Q

what are visceral sensory fibers?

A

these are the rarest fibers. they are fibers that monitor sensations in hollow tubes such as blood vessels, digestive tract organs etc which we are not normally aware of

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8
Q

what are general sensory fibers?

A

afferent fibers such as touch, temperature, pain

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9
Q

what are special sense fibers?

A

fibers of smell, vision, taste, hearing, and balance

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10
Q

what is cranial nerve one?

A

olfactory nerve

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11
Q

where does olfactory nerve emerge from?

A

from the CNS from under the inferior surface of the cerebral cortex, at the olfactory trigone

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12
Q

where does the olfactory nerve exit the cranium?

A

via the foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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13
Q

what is the target of the olfactory nerve?

A

the primary olfactory area which includes the uncus of the temporal lobe and part of the hippocampus and terminates in the olfactory muscosa of the nose

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14
Q

T/F this nerve contains the only afferent fibers reaching the cortex that do not relay through the thalamus

A

True

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15
Q

what type of fibers does the olfactory nerve carry?

A

special sensory fibers for he special sense of smell

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16
Q

what is cranial nerve 2?

A

optic nerve

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17
Q

where does the optic nerve enter?

A

into the CNS in the forebrain and diencephalon

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18
Q

where do the fibers of the optic nerve arise from?

A

ganglion cells in the retina

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19
Q

where do the fibers of the optic nerve exit?

A

they exit the posterior orbit through an opening in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone called the optic canal to then enter the middle cranial fossa

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20
Q

what do the optic nerve fibers cross through to continue posteriorly as the optic tracts?

A

optic chiasm

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21
Q

what is the destination of the optic nerve?

A

the geniculate bodies of the thalamus and the occipital cortex of the occipital lobe

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22
Q

what type of fibers does the optic nerve carry?

A

special sensory fibers for the special sense of vision

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23
Q

what is the third cranial nerve?

A

oculomotor nerve

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24
Q

where does the oculomotor nerve emerge?

A

from the CNS the midline between the midbrain and pons

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25
Q

where does the oculomotor nerve exit the cranium?

A

through the superior orbital fissure which lies between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone into the orbit

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26
Q

what is the destinations of the oculomotor nerve?

A

the intracoular muscles (constrictor pupillae and cilliary muscles) and 4 of the 6 extraocular muscles ( superior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscle)

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27
Q

what type of fibers does the oculomotor nerve carry?

A

somatic motor fibers (general somatic efferent fibers) and visceral motor fibers (general visceral efferent fibers)

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28
Q

what is the fourth cranial nerve?

A

trochlear nerve

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29
Q

where does the trochlear nerve emerge from?

A

the CNS on the posterior aspect of the midline of the midbrain

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30
Q

Does the trochlear nerve emerge from dorsal or ventral side?

A

dorsal

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31
Q

where does the trochlear nerve exit?

A

through the superior orbital fissure to reach the orbit

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32
Q

what is the destination of the trochlear nerve?

A

superior oblique muscle of the eye

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33
Q

what type of fibers does the trochlear nerve carry?

A

somatic motor fibers (general somatic efferent fibers)

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34
Q

what is the fifth cranial nerve?

A

trigeminal

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35
Q

where does the trigeminal nerve emerge from?

A

the lateral aspect of the pons within the cavernous sinus

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36
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

ophthalmic V1, maxillary V2, and mandibular V3

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37
Q

where does the ophthalmic division exit the cranium?

A

superior orbital fissue

38
Q

what does the ophthalmic division supply?

A

the skin on the front of the head and the nose

39
Q

what type of fibers does the ophthalmic division carry?

A

general sensory fibers (general sensory afferent fibers)

40
Q

where does the maxillary division exit the cranium?

A

through the foramen rotundum

41
Q

what does the maxillary division supply?

A

the skin of the upper jaw upper teeth/gums, and the palate and some meninges

42
Q

what type of fibers does the maxillary division carry?

A

general sensory fibers (general sensory afferent fibers)

43
Q

where does the mandibular division exit the cranium?

A

through foramen ovale

44
Q

what does the mandibular division supply and with what fibers?

A

the muscles of mastication (mylohyoid, anterior digastric) muscles of the eardrum, the soft palate, and muscles under the mandible with branchial motor fibers (especially visceral efferent fibers) and then sensory information from the lower face, anterior 2/3 of the tongue, lower teeth/gums, some meninges and a small bit of the skin around the external auditory meatus via general sensory fibers (general sensory afferent fibers)

45
Q

what is the sixth cranial nerve?

A

abducens nerve

46
Q

where does the abducens nerve emerge from?

A

the CNS at the inferior border of the pons on the ventral side

47
Q

where does the abducens nerve exit?

A

through the superior orbital fissure

48
Q

what is the destination of the abducens nerve?

A

lateral rectus muscle of the eye

49
Q

what type of fibers does the abducens nerve carry?

A

somatic motor fibers (general somatic efferent fibers)

50
Q

what is the name of the seventh cranial nerve?

A

facial nerve

51
Q

where does the fascial nerve emerge from?

A

the CNS on the junction between the pons and the medulla on the brainstem

52
Q

where does the fascial nerve exit?

A

the internal acoustic meatus

53
Q

which cranial nerve passes through the parotid gland (NOT INNERVATED BY IT)

A

fascial known as the parotid plexus

54
Q

what are the four types of fibers of the fascial nerve?

A

branchial motor (special visceral efferent fibers), visceral motor fibers (general visceral efferent fibers), general sensory fibers (general somatic afferent fibers), and special sensory fibers (special afferent fibers)

55
Q

what do the branchial motor fibers of the fascial nerve supply?

A

the muscles of fascial expression, auricular muscles, the posterior bellies of the digastric muscles, stylohyoid muscles and the stapedius muscles

56
Q

what do the visceral motor fibers of the fascial nerve supply?

A

lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual glands

57
Q

what do the general sensory fibers of the fascial nerve supply?

A

general sensory information to very few areas of the skin

58
Q

what do the special sensory fibers of the fascial nerve supply?

A

the special sense of taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the hard and soft palates, which are provided by the chorda tympani nerve

59
Q

what is the eighth cranial nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

60
Q

where does the vestibulocochlear nerve emerge from?

A

the junction between the pons and the medulla

61
Q

where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the cranium?

A

the internal auditory meatus

62
Q

when does the vestibulocochlear nerve separate and into what?

A

in the internal auditory meatus into the vestibular and the cochlear nerve

63
Q

what type of fibers does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?

A

special sensory fibers (special afferent fibers) to contribute to the special sense of hearing and balance

64
Q

what is the ninth cranial nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal

65
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge from?

A

the rostral medulla, more specifically the postolivary sulcus

66
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the cranium?

A

the jugular foramen

67
Q

what are the 5 different fibers the glossopharyngeal nerve carries?

A

branchial motor fibers (special visceral efferent fibers)
visceral motor fibers (general visceral efferent fibers)
visceral sensory fibers (general visceral afferent fibers)
general sensory fibers (general somatic afferent fibers)
special sensory fibers (special afferent fibers)

68
Q

what does the branchial motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

the striated muscle, the stylopharyngeus muscle (longitudinal muscle of the pharynx)

69
Q

what does the visceral motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

the otic ganglion which sends nerve fibers to stimulate the parotid gland

70
Q

what does the visceral sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

carries sensory information from the carotid body and the carotid sinus

71
Q

what does the general sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

provides general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, the skin of the external ear, and the internal surface of the tympanic membrane

72
Q

what does the special sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

provides the special sense of taste for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

73
Q

what is the name of the tenth cranial nerve?

A

vagus

74
Q

where does the vagus nerve emerge from?

A

a medullary level in the postolivary sulcus as a series of rootlets just inferior to CN IX

75
Q

where does the vagus nerve exit the cranium?

A

jugular foramen

76
Q

what are the four types of fibers the vagus nerve carries?

A

branchial motor fibers (special visceral efferent fibers)
visceral motor fibers (general visceral efferent fibers)
visceral sensory fibers (general visceral afferent fibers)
general sensory fibers (general somatic afferent fibers)

77
Q

what does the branchial motor fibers of the vagus nerve supply?

A

the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and the palatoglossus muscle of the tongue

78
Q

what does the visceral motor fibers of the vagus nerve supply?

A

smooth muscles and glands of the pharynx and larynx, bronchi, aorta, heart, esophagus, and the abdominal visera

79
Q

what does the visceral senosry fibers of the vagus nerve supply?

A

relay sensory information from the larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera

80
Q

what does the general sensory fibers of the vagus nerve supply?

A

sensory information to the skin at the back of the ear and in the external auditory meatus

81
Q

what is the eleventh cranial nerve?

A

accessory nerve

82
Q

where does the accessory nerve emerge from?

A

postolivary sulcus of the medulla and it contains several cervical spinal roots through the foramen magnum

83
Q

where does the accessory nerve exit the cranium?

A

jugular foramen

84
Q

what are the targets of the accessory nerve?

A

the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid with motor innervation

85
Q

what type of fibers does the accessory nerve carry?

A

branchial motor fibers (special efferent fibers)

86
Q

what is the twelfth cranial nerve?

A

hypoglossal

87
Q

where does the hypoglossal nerve emerge from?

A

between the pyramids and the olives of the medulla

88
Q

where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the cranium?

A

the hypoglossal canal

89
Q

what does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A

the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle

90
Q

what type of fibers does the hypoglossal nerve carry?

A

somatic motor fibers (general somatic efferent fibers)

Anatomy (22 decks)

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