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Neuroscience > Cranial Nerves 1-3 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

are cranial nerves part of the PNS or CNS?

A

peripheral nervous system

EXCEPT CN 1 and CN 2

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2
Q

are cranial nerves target structures ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

mainly ipsilateral, some have contralateral targets

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3
Q

motor branches of cranial nerves

A

multipolar

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4
Q

somatosensory branches of cranial nerves

A

psuedounipolar

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5
Q

special sensory

A

bipolar

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6
Q

peripheral nerve layers

A

epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

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7
Q

epineurium

A

outermost layer that binds fascicles together

contains blood vessels

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8
Q

perineurium

A

bind groupings of axons into fascicles

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9
Q

endoneurium

A

delicate layer of CT surrounding nerve fiber

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10
Q

cranial nerve nuclei

A

somatic, branchial, autonomic and visceral motor

somatosensory, special, autonomic and visceral sensory

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11
Q

first order neuron

A

presynaptic

periphery to spinal cord

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12
Q

second order neuron

A

postsynaptic

spinal cord to thalamus

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13
Q

third order neuron

A

thalamus to sensory cortex

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14
Q

olfaction

A

chemical interactions btw air molecules and chemoreceptors within membranes of receptor cells in nasal cavity = smell

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15
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

sensory organ in nose

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16
Q

olfactory sensory receptor cells

A

hair cells - bipolar neurons

17
Q

supporting cells

A

glial cells

support, nourish, insulate, detoxify olfactory cells

18
Q

basal stem cells

A

help olfactory cells out

19
Q

olfactory glands

A

create the mucus

20
Q

what are the 3 main layers of the eye

A

fibrous outer layer
vascular middle layer
retinal inner layer

21
Q

fibrous outer layer

what is in this layer

A

irregular, avascular

sclera and cornea

22
Q

sclera

A

attaches eye w eyelid, dural sheath of CNII and tendons of extra-ocular muscles

23
Q

cornea

A

outermost lens of eye - controls and focuses incoming light

24
Q

vascular middle layer

what is in this layer

A

vascular

choroid, ciliary body, iris

25
Q

choroid

A

contains blood vessels

btw retina and sclera

26
Q

ciliary body

A

contains ciliary processes which contain capillaries and attach to ligaments that help suspend lens and ciliary muscle (visual accommodation - CNIII)

27
Q

iris

A

contains smooth muscle fibers that act on pupil

color

28
Q

how many layers is in the retinal inner layer and what are they

A

7 layers

pigment epithelium 
photoreceptor layer
outer and inner nuclear layers
outer and inner synaptic layers
ganglion cell layer (host ganglia)
29
Q

what lies within the photoreceptor layer

A

rods: dim light vision, gray images, low acuity
cones: bright light vision, color images, high acuity

30
Q

what specialized areas are in the retinal inner layer

A

optic disc: site where optic nerve and blood vessels enter/exit the eye

macula lutea: visual axis, contains central fovea - clean and crisp vision

31
Q

lens

A

functions to bend light to focus image on retina

32
Q

vitreous humor

A

btw lens and retina
holds retina in place
contains phagocytes - remove floating debris

33
Q

anterior cavity

A

btw cornea and lens

contains aqueous humor - filter blood plasma that nourishes lens and cornea

34
Q

meninges

A

dura, arachnoid, pia mater

develops in utero, comes from the optic vesicle which is an out pocket region of the forebrain, builds out of it - technically CNS

35
Q

pupillary response to light

A

reflex

light entering pupil activates retinal ganglion cells –> optic nerve –> optic chiasm –> bilateral pretectal area –> EW nuclei –> project ipsilateral motor efferent via oculomotor nerve to ciliary ganglion neurons –> pupil constriction

36
Q

edinger-westphal nuclei projects where

A

ipsilaterally on both sides via oculomotor nerve to ciliary ganglia to the pupillary constrictor muscles

37
Q

when light is shine in one eye what should the response be

A

direct response in ipsilateral eye and a consensual response in contralateral eye

38
Q

accommodation response

A

not a reflex, checks on brain to control eyes

occurs when visual objects moves from far to near, you get pupillary constriction, accommodation of lens ciliary muscle and convergence of eyes by extraocular muscles (EOMs)

39
Q

how does the accommodation response start

A

follows entire pathway of optic pathway

all occurs bilaterally

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