cranial nerve anatomy Flashcards
olfactory
sensory, smell. olfactory nerve through cribiform plate to olfactory bulb. synapse onto mitral and tuft cells, second order neurons pass in olfactory tract, inf to frontal lobe, lateral stria carries to olfactory area of cerebral cortex. medial stria where meet olfactory bulb of opposite side. SVA
optic
sensory, vision. from retina, through optic canal, optic chiasm, optic tract, LGN. covered by meninges. optic radiation. upper and temporal. SSA
occulomotor
motor and parasympathetic(supplies sphincter pupillae and ciliary bodies) motor to S, I, M rectus and inf oblique. levator palpebae superioris. originates midbrain-sup colliculus. cell bodies in oculomotor nuclei. edinger westphal nucleus has parasymp cell bodies. Passes in lat wall cavernous sinus and exits skull through SOF. GVE GSE
trochlear
motor superior oblique. down n medial. cell bodies in trochlear nucleus. emerges dorsal aspect brainstem caudal to inf colliculus. lateral wall cavernous sinus, exit skull SOF. GSE
in cavernous sinus
Oculomotor, abducens, trochklear, opthalmic and maxillary branches of trigeminal and ICA
trigeminal
motor and sensory. sensory to face motor muscles mastication and tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, ant belly digastric, tensor tympani. emerge from pons. passes into middle cranial fossa. trigeminal ganglion in petrous part temporal bone give off opthalmic(SOF) maxillary(foramen rotundum) and mandibular(foramen ovale, motor function) branches. trigem sens nucleus, mesencephalic (proprioception) chief (touch and pressure) and spinal.(pain and temp). motor from trigem motor nucleus in pons. parasymp to lacrimal, parotid, submandib/sublingual and nasal gland. corneal reflex. GSA, SVE
abducens
motor, lateral rectus. cell bodies in abducens nucleus in pons. emerge ponsmedullary junction. through cavernous sinus exit SOF. GSE
facial
motor to muscles facial expression, taste sensation to ant 2/3. sensory to ear, parasymp nasal lacrimal submandib sublingual. taste terminate in nucleus solitarius in medulla, parasymp arise superior salivatory nucleus of pons. motor from facial motor nucleus. sensation in trigeminal nuc. motor facial nerve proper, remaining are nervus intermedius. exits through internal auditory meatus, enters facial canal in petrous temporal bone. swells form geniculate ganglion, greater petrosal (THROUGH FORAMEN LACERUM, CARRIES TASTE AND PARASYMP to lacrimal nose), nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani (parasymp to subman and lingual, taste)given off. nerve to stylohyoid and digastric given off. Genereal sensoory and motor exit through stylomastoid foramen, sense to auricle, enter parotid gland divide temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical. SVE, GVE, GSA, SVA
vestibulocochlear
sensory, vestibular position and movement head, cochlear auditory info. leaves through IAM. enters BS at PMJ, from vestibulocochlear nucleus. SSA
glossopharyngeal
taste to post 1/3, gag reflex, initiate swallowing, parasymp to parotid salivary gland. motor to stylopharyngeus (elevates larynx and pharynx). emerge medulla. exits through jugular foramen. sup and inf ganglia. sensory to middle ear eustachian tube and tympanic membrane. SVA, GVE, GSA, GVA, SVE
vagus
head nexk thorax and abdomen. from medulla. sensory to pharynx larynx oesophagus tympanic membrane external auditory meatus and concha. chemo and baroreceptors heart. sensory from trigeminal nucleus, parasymp nucleus solitarius. motor to soft palate pharynx larynx oesophagus from nucleus ambiguous. speech and swallowing. exits skull jugular foramen. through neck in carotid sheath. pharyngeal plexus all muscvles of pharynx except stylopharyngeus. Internal laryngeal nerve larasymp sensory to larynx. external motor to inf PC, cricothyroid. recurrent laryngeal supplies intrinsic muscles larynx. oesophageal plexus, passes diaphragm at T10. RRL hooks round subclavian LRL around aortic arch. GVE, SVE, GVA, SVA, GSA
accessory
motor, cranial root from medulla, nucleus ambiguous, also spinal root C1-5. enter through foramen magnus to join cranial roots then leave through jugular foramen. SCM and Trapezius muscles. GSE
hypoglossal
motor extriinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue. except palatoglossus which is innervated by vagus. hypoglossal nucleus. emerge medulla. hypoglossal canal. GSE
brainstem
ventral side, pyramids(corticobulbar and spinal tracts) and olives.(sounds and learning. Dorsal side:cuneate and gracile tubercles. Sup and Inf colliculus(vision and sound) 4th ventricle. Peduncles.
general somatic afferent
sensory, trigeminal sensory nucleus. so Trigem nerve, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus.
