Cranial

Question 1

5 components of primary respiratory mechanism

Answer 1

1. inherent motility of CNS
2. fluctuation of CSF
3. mobility of reciprocal tension membrane (intracranial and intraspinal membranes)
4. articular motility of cranial bones
5. involuntary motion of the sacrum between the ilia

Question 2

motility of CNS

Answer 2

inhalation means flexion = shorter and wider

exhalation means extension = taller and thinner

Question 3

anterior superior pole of dural membrane

Answer 3

falx attaches to crista galli of the ethmoid and to frontal crest

Question 4

anterior inferior pole of dural membrane

Answer 4

tentorium attaches to anterior and posterior clinoid processes of sella turcica

Question 5

lateral pole of dural membrane

Answer 5

tentorium attaches to petrous ridge of temporal bone and transverse ridge of occiput

Question 6

posterior pole of dural membrane

Answer 6

internal occipital protuberance

Question 7

sacral pole of dural membrane

Answer 7

exits foramen magnum, attaches to C2, and hangs loosely until attaches to S2 sacral segment

Question 8

what occurs to cranial bones during inhalation

Answer 8

flexion of the midline bones, external rotation of pairedbones

Question 9

what occurs in cranial bones during exhalation

Answer 9

extension of midline bones, internal rotation of paired bones

Question 10

what does the sacrum do when SBS and occipital bone flex

Answer 10

counternutate (base moves posteriorly)

Question 11

sacrum when SBS and occipiutal bone extend

Answer 11

nutate (base move anteriorly)

Question 12

physiologic dysfunctions

Answer 12

1. flexion extension
2. torsions
3. sidebending rotation

Question 13

pathologic dysfunction

Answer 13

1. lateral strain
2. vertical strain
3. compression

Question 14

what is the cranial rhythmic impulse rate for normal healthy people

Answer 14

2-3per min

Question 15

cranial rhythmic impulse rate for stressed pt

Answer 15

8-12 per min

Question 16

what is torsion

Answer 16

sphenoid and occiput rotate opposite directions around AP axis

Question 17

what is sidebending rotation

Answer 17

SB around one AP axis, rotation around 2 vertical axes

Question 18

how to name torsion

Answer 18

the higher greater wing of sphenoid

Question 19

how to name sidebending rotaion

Answer 19

side of convexity (the bigger side)

Question 20

what is vertical strain

Answer 20

sphenoid and occiput rotate in same direction along 2 transverse parallel axes (whole head tipping forward)

Question 21

name vertical strain

Answer 21

superior is tipping forward, inferior is tipping back

named by body of sphenoid

Question 22

what is lateral strain

Answer 22

sphenoid and occiput rotate in same directions around 2 vertical parallel axes

Question 23

name lateral strain

Answer 23

named by body of sphenoid

Question 24

what nerves exit jugular foramen

Answer 24

9, 10, 11

Question 25

what anatomy is associated with CN 9 and 10

Answer 25

jugular foramen, occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone, occipitomastoid suture

Question 26

function of CN9

Answer 26

1. sensation posterior oropharynx, posterior 1/3 tongue, middle ear, external auditory meatus
2. taste posterior 1/3 tongue
3. chemo and baroreceptors of carotid body
4. parasymp to parotid
5. motor to stylopharyngeus

Question 27

sx of cn9 entrapment

Answer 27

loss sensation and taste to posterior oropharynx, glossipharyngeal neuralgia, no gag reflex

Question 28

function of cn10

Answer 28

1. motor to pharyngeal muscles (swallow gag, laryngeal)
2. PSNS to heart, lungs, upper GI
3. sensation from pharynx, meninges, small area near external auditory meatus
4. taste from epiglottis and pharynx
5. chemo and baroreceptors from aortic arch

Question 29

sx cn 10 entrapment

Answer 29

dysphagia, hoarseness, HA of gastric origin, N/V, dumping syndrome, migraine

Question 30

what is occipitomastoid suture dysfunction

Answer 30

ear cough - disappears with removal of wax that stimulates tympanic membrane

also cnX posterior HA, heart and lung dysfunction
GI symptoms

Question 31

anatomy associated with CN11

Answer 31

jugular foramen, occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone, occipitomastoid suture, cervicals, foramen magnum

Question 32

action of cn11

Answer 32

SCM and upper trap

Question 33

sx of CN11 entrapment

Answer 33

torticollis (SCM and or lateral SBS strains)
recurrent trigger points in SCM and trap
weakness

Question 34

anatomy associated with CN12

Answer 34

hypoglossal canal, basilar and condylar parts of occiput

Question 35

cn12 function

Answer 35

motor to tongue intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

Question 36

sx CN12 entrapment

Answer 36

tongue deviation, dysarthria, dysphagia, weak suckling, failure to thrive, irritability, waking at night anxiety and base of skull tension, HA, recurrent OA somatic dysfunction

Question 37

indications to do condylar decompression

Answer 37

if newborn - irritability, failure to thrive, poor suckling

anxiety, base of skull tension, HA, recurrent OA

Question 38

ddx CN9 sx

Answer 38

tumor near jugular foramen, deep neck injury

Question 39

ddx CN10 sx

Answer 39

head and neck tumors, neck or thoracic surgery

Question 40

ddx CN11 sx

Answer 40

neck injury, jugular foramen

Question 41

ddx CN12 sx

Answer 41

neck injury, skull base fracture