CR

Question 1

what is a jefferson fracture

Answer 1

comminuted fracture that occurs as a result of axial loading, anterior and posterior arches of C1 are fractured

Question 2

what is a clay shovelers fracture?

Answer 2

results from hyperextension of neck and causes avulsion fracture of spinous process of C6-T1

Question 3

what is a compression fracture?

Answer 3

involves collapse of vertebral body, anterior edge collapse, best demonstrated on lateral

Question 4

what is hangmans fracture?

Answer 4

fracture extends through pedicles of C2, occurs when neck is subjected to extreme hyperextension-very unstable fracture because dens is presses posteriorly against brain stem

Question 5

what is odontoid fracture?

Answer 5

involved the dens and can extend into the lateral masses or arches of C1

Question 6

where do you center for a AP open mouth?

Answer 6

through center of mouth, lower margin of upper incisors and mastoid tip perpendicular to IR

Question 7

how much do you angle for AP axial C spine?

Answer 7

15-20 cephalad, 15 when supine, 20 when upright or more lordotic position

Question 8

where do you center for AP axial c-spine?

Answer 8

lower margin of thryroid cartilage to pass thru C4

Question 9

what would best display a clay shovelers fracture?

Answer 9

AP axial

Question 10

what would best display a jefferson fracture?

Answer 10

AP open mouth

Question 11

where do you center for oblique of c-spine ? PA? AP?

Answer 11

15 caudad at C4 for PA

15 cephalad at C4 for AP

Question 12

for the PA projections oblique C spine what will open the intervertebral foramina

Answer 12

side closes to the IR

Question 13

for the AP projections oblique C spine what will open the intervertebral foramina

Answer 13

side farthest from the IR

Question 14

where do you center for a lateral c-spine

Answer 14

perpendicular to C4, IR at 1-2 inches above EAM

Question 15

what is the swimmers(cervicothoracic) method also called?

Answer 15

twinning method

Question 16

where do you center for the twinning method?

Answer 16

perpendicular to T1 about 1 inch above jugular notch anteriorly, vertebra prominens posteriorly

Question 17

where do you center for lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion?

Answer 17

perpendicular to IR directed horizontally to area of C4

Question 18

what is hyperextension and hyperflexion used for ?

Answer 18

rule out whiplash type injured and to demonstrate vertebral mobility

Question 19

where do you center for AP Fuchs

Answer 19

elevate chin until MML near perpendicular to tabletop and adjust CR angle as needed to be parallel

Question 20

where do you center for PA Judd

Answer 20

Cr is parallel to MML through mid occipital bone about 1 in inferoposterior to mastoid tips and angles of mandible

Question 21

Where do you center for wagging jaw?

Answer 21

Perpendicular to C4, adjust head to line drawn from lower margin of upper incisors to base of skull is perpendicular to IR

Question 22

what is wagging jaw also called?

Answer 22

ottonello method

Question 23

where do you center for the AP axial pillar

Answer 23

lower level of thyroid cartilage to pass through C5

Question 24

how much do you angle for AP axial pillar?

Answer 24

20-30 caudad at c5

Question 25

where do you center for T spine projections?

Answer 25

T7-- 3-4 in below jugular notch, 7-8 in below vertebra prominens, 1-2 below sternal angle

Question 26

on a lateral t-spine which lateral places the heart closer to the IR ?

Answer 26

left lateral

Question 27

if pt has broad shoulders on lateral t-spine how much do you angle the tube? which way?

Answer 27

3-5 caudad

Question 28

how much do you oblique patient for oblique t-spine?

Answer 28

20 from lateral, 70-75 from tabletop

Question 29

at what angle from MSP is the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine located?

Answer 29

45 degrees

Question 30

at what angle from MSP is the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine located?

Answer 30

90

Question 31

at what angle from MSP is the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine located?

Answer 31

90

Question 32

at what angle from MSP is the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine located

Answer 32

90

Question 33

at what angle from MSP is the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine located

Answer 33

70-75

Question 34

at what angle from MSP is the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine located

Answer 34

30(lower)-50 (upper)

Question 35

what would demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of C1-C2 ?

Answer 35

true ap

Question 36

What would show the right cervical intervertebral foramina?

Answer 36

LPO, RAO

Question 37

what would show the left cervical intervertebral foramina?

Answer 37

RPO, LAO

Question 38

What would show the right zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic

Answer 38

LPO, RAO

Question 39

What would show the right zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar

Answer 39

RPO, LAO

Question 40

What would show the left zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar

Answer 40

LPO, RAO

Question 41

What would show the left zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic

Answer 41

RPO, LAO

Question 42

where do you center for AP lumber? 35X43? 30X35?

Answer 42

35X43: directed to iliac crest (include lumbar to coccyx) 30x35: directed to L3 (include 5 lumbar)

Question 43

where do you center for oblique of lumbar?

Answer 43

L3, level of lower costal margin (1 1/2 in above iliac crest) and 2 inches medial to upside ASIS

Question 44

where do you center for a lateral lumbar?

Answer 44

35X43: directed to iliac crest (include lumbar to coccyx) 30x35: : directed to L3 (include 5 lumbar)

Question 45

In a lateral lumbar if patient has a wide hips and narrow thorax what would you do?

Answer 45

angle 5-8 caudad angle to parallel to interiliac plane

Question 46

where do you center for lateral L5-S1

Answer 46

1.5 inches inferior to iliac crest and 2 in posterior to ASIS

Question 47

where do you center for AP axial L5-S1? angle?

Answer 47

level of ASIS, 30° cephalad males, 35° cephalad female

Question 48

Scoliosis IR placement?

Answer 48

lower margin 1-2 inches below the iliac crest center CR to IR

Question 49

PA rather than AP reduces female breast dose by what %?

Answer 49

90%

Question 50

where do you place IR for spinal fusion?

Answer 50

bottom edge of IR 1-2 below iliac crest

Question 51

where do you center for AP Axial Sacrum?

Answer 51

15 cephalad to 2 inches above pubic symphysis

Question 52

where do you center for AP axial coccyx?

Answer 52

10 caudad to 2 inches above pubic symphysis (increase to 15 with greater anterior curvature

Question 53

lateral sacrum and coccyx centering point?

Answer 53

centered 3-4 inches posterior to asis

Question 54

lateral coccyx centering?

Answer 54

3-4 inches posterior and 2 inches distal to ASIS

Question 55

SI joints AP axial centering

Answer 55

angle 30-35 cephalad (male 30,female 35) midline point between 2 inches below asis

Question 56

where do you center for the alternative pa si joints?

Answer 56

30-35 caudad angle at L4

Question 57

SI joints AP oblique centering point

Answer 57

perpendicular 1 inch medial to upside Asis

Question 58

alternatic si joints angle to open inferior aspects of joint more clearly

Answer 58

15-20 cephalad

Question 59

how much do you rotate patient for Si joints ?

Answer 59

25-30