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Positioning > CR > Flashcards

CR Flashcards

1
Q

what is a jefferson fracture

A

comminuted fracture that occurs as a result of axial loading, anterior and posterior arches of C1 are fractured

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2
Q

what is a clay shovelers fracture?

A

results from hyperextension of neck and causes avulsion fracture of spinous process of C6-T1

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3
Q

what is a compression fracture?

A

involves collapse of vertebral body, anterior edge collapse, best demonstrated on lateral

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4
Q

what is hangmans fracture?

A

fracture extends through pedicles of C2, occurs when neck is subjected to extreme hyperextension-very unstable fracture because dens is presses posteriorly against brain stem

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5
Q

what is odontoid fracture?

A

involved the dens and can extend into the lateral masses or arches of C1

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6
Q

where do you center for a AP open mouth?

A

through center of mouth, lower margin of upper incisors and mastoid tip perpendicular to IR

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7
Q

how much do you angle for AP axial C spine?

A

15-20 cephalad, 15 when supine, 20 when upright or more lordotic position

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8
Q

where do you center for AP axial c-spine?

A

lower margin of thryroid cartilage to pass thru C4

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9
Q

what would best display a clay shovelers fracture?

A

AP axial

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10
Q

what would best display a jefferson fracture?

A

AP open mouth

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11
Q

where do you center for oblique of c-spine ? PA? AP?

A

15 caudad at C4 for PA

15 cephalad at C4 for AP

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12
Q

for the PA projections oblique C spine what will open the intervertebral foramina

A

side closes to the IR

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13
Q

for the AP projections oblique C spine what will open the intervertebral foramina

A

side farthest from the IR

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14
Q

where do you center for a lateral c-spine

A

perpendicular to C4, IR at 1-2 inches above EAM

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15
Q

what is the swimmers(cervicothoracic) method also called?

A

twinning method

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16
Q

where do you center for the twinning method?

A

perpendicular to T1 about 1 inch above jugular notch anteriorly, vertebra prominens posteriorly

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17
Q

where do you center for lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion?

A

perpendicular to IR directed horizontally to area of C4

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18
Q

what is hyperextension and hyperflexion used for ?

A

rule out whiplash type injured and to demonstrate vertebral mobility

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19
Q

where do you center for AP Fuchs

A

elevate chin until MML near perpendicular to tabletop and adjust CR angle as needed to be parallel

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20
Q

where do you center for PA Judd

A

Cr is parallel to MML through mid occipital bone about 1 in inferoposterior to mastoid tips and angles of mandible

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21
Q

Where do you center for wagging jaw?

A

Perpendicular to C4, adjust head to line drawn from lower margin of upper incisors to base of skull is perpendicular to IR

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22
Q

what is wagging jaw also called?

A

ottonello method

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23
Q

where do you center for the AP axial pillar

A

lower level of thyroid cartilage to pass through C5

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24
Q

how much do you angle for AP axial pillar?

A

20-30 caudad at c5

25
Q

where do you center for T spine projections?

A

T7– 3-4 in below jugular notch, 7-8 in below vertebra prominens, 1-2 below sternal angle

26
Q

on a lateral t-spine which lateral places the heart closer to the IR ?

A

left lateral

27
Q

if pt has broad shoulders on lateral t-spine how much do you angle the tube? which way?

A

3-5 caudad

28
Q

how much do you oblique patient for oblique t-spine?

A

20 from lateral, 70-75 from tabletop

29
Q

at what angle from MSP is the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine located?

A

45 degrees

30
Q

at what angle from MSP is the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine located?

A

90

31
Q

at what angle from MSP is the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine located?

A

90

32
Q

at what angle from MSP is the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine located

A

90

33
Q

at what angle from MSP is the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine located

A

70-75

34
Q

at what angle from MSP is the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine located

A

30(lower)-50 (upper)

35
Q

what would demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of C1-C2 ?

A

true ap

36
Q

What would show the right cervical intervertebral foramina?

A

LPO, RAO

37
Q

what would show the left cervical intervertebral foramina?

A

RPO, LAO

38
Q

What would show the right zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic

A

LPO, RAO

39
Q

What would show the right zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar

A

RPO, LAO

40
Q

What would show the left zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar

A

LPO, RAO

41
Q

What would show the left zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic

A

RPO, LAO

42
Q

where do you center for AP lumber? 35X43? 30X35?

A

35X43: directed to iliac crest (include lumbar to coccyx)
30x35: directed to L3 (include 5 lumbar)

43
Q

where do you center for oblique of lumbar?

A

L3, level of lower costal margin (1 1/2 in above iliac crest) and 2 inches medial to upside ASIS

44
Q

where do you center for a lateral lumbar?

A

35X43: directed to iliac crest (include lumbar to coccyx)
30x35: : directed to L3 (include 5 lumbar)

45
Q

In a lateral lumbar if patient has a wide hips and narrow thorax what would you do?

A

angle 5-8 caudad angle to parallel to interiliac plane

46
Q

where do you center for lateral L5-S1

A

1.5 inches inferior to iliac crest and 2 in posterior to ASIS

47
Q

where do you center for AP axial L5-S1? angle?

A

level of ASIS, 30° cephalad males, 35° cephalad female

48
Q

Scoliosis IR placement?

A

lower margin 1-2 inches below the iliac crest center CR to IR

49
Q

PA rather than AP reduces female breast dose by what %?

A

90%

50
Q

where do you place IR for spinal fusion?

A

bottom edge of IR 1-2 below iliac crest

51
Q

where do you center for AP Axial Sacrum?

A

15 cephalad to 2 inches above pubic symphysis

52
Q

where do you center for AP axial coccyx?

A

10 caudad to 2 inches above pubic symphysis (increase to 15 with greater anterior curvature

53
Q

lateral sacrum and coccyx centering point?

A

centered 3-4 inches posterior to asis

54
Q

lateral coccyx centering?

A

3-4 inches posterior and 2 inches distal to ASIS

55
Q

SI joints AP axial centering

A

angle 30-35 cephalad (male 30,female 35) midline point between 2 inches below asis

56
Q

where do you center for the alternative pa si joints?

A

30-35 caudad angle at L4

57
Q

SI joints AP oblique centering point

A

perpendicular 1 inch medial to upside Asis

58
Q

alternatic si joints angle to open inferior aspects of joint more clearly

A

15-20 cephalad

59
Q

how much do you rotate patient for Si joints ?

A

25-30

Positioning (7 decks)

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