CPTP 3.10 HIV treatment

Question 1

NRTI

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

Similar conformation to viral DNA nucleotide

Mistakenly put in growing chain by REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

DNA chain cannot be lengthened

Question 2

NNRTI

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

Binds directly to REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Blocks ability of RT to add new nucleotides to growing chain

Question 3

Protease inhibitors

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

Prevents viral assembly of proteins

Protease normally required to cleave viral polypeptide into proteins for assembly

Question 4

Fusion inhibitor

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

Prevents fusion of HIV virus to CD4 cell

Question 5

CCR5 inhibitor

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 5

Prevents viral entry

CCR5 is co-receptor, required for viral entry

Question 6

Integrase inhibitor

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 6

Unknown exact mechanism of action

Prevents integration of viral DNA into human genome

Question 7

What does HAART consistent of (highly active antiretroviral therapy)

Answer 7

2x NRTI + 1x PI
or
2x NRTI + 1x NNRTI

Question 8

Side effects of anti-HIV tx

Answer 8

• lactic acidosis
• anaemia
• D&V
• appetite loss
• dizziness, fatigue, headaches
• pain & nerve problems
• hypersensitivity & rashes
• lipodystrophy
• insulin resistance
• increased cholesterol, increased triglycerides
• decreased bone density

Question 9

When HIV should be treated

Answer 9

CD4 <200 (AIDS defining)
or

CD4 200-350, depending on rate of drop

Question 10

Viral not-HIV tx:
Aciclovir

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 10

Inhibits viral polymerase