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Physcology > Cpt 9 > Flashcards

Cpt 9 Flashcards

0
Q

Concept

A

A mental grouping of similar objects events ideas or people

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1
Q

Cognition

A

Mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating

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2
Q

Prototype

A

A mental image or best example of a category

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3
Q

Algorithm

A

A methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

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4
Q

Heuristic

A

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms

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5
Q

Insight

A

A sudden realization of a problems solution; contrasts with strategy based solutions

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6
Q

Confirmation bias

A

A tendency to search for information that support what we believe and ignore or distort contradictory evidence

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7
Q

Mental set

A

A tendency to approach a problem in a certain often one that has helped before

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8
Q

Intuition

A

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit , conscious reasoning

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9
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Estimating the Lilly hood of events based on their availability in memory

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10
Q

Overconfidence

A

The tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

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11
Q

Belief perseverance

A

Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the bias on which they were formed has been discredited

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12
Q

Framing

A

The way an issue is posed how an issue is framed can significantly affect decision and judgements

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13
Q

Language

A

Our spoken written or signed words and ways we combine them to communicate the meaning

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14
Q

Phoneme

A

In a language the smallest distinctive sound unit

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15
Q

Morpheme

A

In a language the smallest unit that carries a message; may be a word or a part of a word

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16
Q

Grammer

A

A set of rules in a language that enables us to communicate with and understand others

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17
Q

Babbling stage

A

Beginning at about 4 months the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

18
Q

One-word stage

A

The stage for about age 1-2 where the child speaks mostly in single words

19
Q

Two-word stage

A

Beginning about age 2 where in speech development the child speaks in mostly two word statements

20
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

Early speech where a child speaks mostly like a telegram - “go car” using mostly nouns an verbs

21
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment of language

22
Q

In what part of the brain is there normally damage in patients with aphasia?

A

Left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area or to wernicks area

23
Q

What does damage to the Broca’s area cause?

A

Impairing speaking because that’s where the muscle movements involved with speech are directed -left hemisphere frontal lobe

24
Q

What does damage to wernicks area cause?

A

Impairing language understanding because that area controls language comprehension and expression- left temporal lobe

25
Q

Linguistic determination

A

Whorf’s hypthesis that language determines the way we think

26
Q

How many approx phonemes does the English language have?

A

40

27
Q

What is not true of babbling?

A

It’s an imitation of adult speech

28
Q

A mental set is an example of a

A

Fixation

29
Q

Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis states that

A

Our language shapes our thinking

30
Q

What describes Chomsky’s view of language development?

A

Language is an innate ability

31
Q

Thoughts and feelings that are automatic are examples of

A

Intuition

32
Q

What’s an example of the use of heuristics?

A

Playing chess using a defensive strategy that has often been successful for you

33
Q

When suddenly arriving at a situation that is an example of?

A

Insight

34
Q

If a deaf child isn’t exposed to sign language until they’re a teen they

A

Never become as fluent as those who learn at a younger age

35
Q

According to the text language acquisition is best described as

A

An interaction between biology and experience

36
Q

What statistical aspect of speech do human babies learn remarkably quick

A

Recognizing syllable sequences that appear repeatedly

37
Q

Linguistic determination hypothesis is challenged by the finding that

A

People w/ no word for a certain color can still perceive that color accurately

38
Q

He triggers?

A

Images of males in adults and children

39
Q

Syntax?

A

Rules for ordering words into sentences

40
Q

Our ability to learn a new language

A

Depends on the language

41
Q

Why are people skeptical of claims that chimps can learn a language?

A

They don’t show an ability to squire a limited vocab

42
Q

Availability an example of a

A

Hueristic

43
Q

Basic units of cognition are?

A

Concepts

Physcology (7 decks)

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