Cpt 9 Flashcards
Concept
A mental grouping of similar objects events ideas or people
Cognition
Mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating
Prototype
A mental image or best example of a category
Algorithm
A methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
Heuristic
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms
Insight
A sudden realization of a problems solution; contrasts with strategy based solutions
Confirmation bias
A tendency to search for information that support what we believe and ignore or distort contradictory evidence
Mental set
A tendency to approach a problem in a certain often one that has helped before
Intuition
An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit , conscious reasoning
Availability heuristic
Estimating the Lilly hood of events based on their availability in memory
Overconfidence
The tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
Belief perseverance
Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the bias on which they were formed has been discredited
Framing
The way an issue is posed how an issue is framed can significantly affect decision and judgements
Language
Our spoken written or signed words and ways we combine them to communicate the meaning
Phoneme
In a language the smallest distinctive sound unit
Morpheme
In a language the smallest unit that carries a message; may be a word or a part of a word
Grammer
A set of rules in a language that enables us to communicate with and understand others
Babbling stage
Beginning at about 4 months the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
One-word stage
The stage for about age 1-2 where the child speaks mostly in single words
Two-word stage
Beginning about age 2 where in speech development the child speaks in mostly two word statements
Telegraphic speech
Early speech where a child speaks mostly like a telegram - “go car” using mostly nouns an verbs
Aphasia
Impairment of language
In what part of the brain is there normally damage in patients with aphasia?
Left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area or to wernicks area
What does damage to the Broca’s area cause?
Impairing speaking because that’s where the muscle movements involved with speech are directed -left hemisphere frontal lobe
What does damage to wernicks area cause?
Impairing language understanding because that area controls language comprehension and expression- left temporal lobe
Linguistic determination
Whorf’s hypthesis that language determines the way we think
How many approx phonemes does the English language have?
40
What is not true of babbling?
It’s an imitation of adult speech
A mental set is an example of a
Fixation
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis states that
Our language shapes our thinking
What describes Chomsky’s view of language development?
Language is an innate ability
Thoughts and feelings that are automatic are examples of
Intuition
What’s an example of the use of heuristics?
Playing chess using a defensive strategy that has often been successful for you
When suddenly arriving at a situation that is an example of?
Insight
If a deaf child isn’t exposed to sign language until they’re a teen they
Never become as fluent as those who learn at a younger age
According to the text language acquisition is best described as
An interaction between biology and experience
What statistical aspect of speech do human babies learn remarkably quick
Recognizing syllable sequences that appear repeatedly
Linguistic determination hypothesis is challenged by the finding that
People w/ no word for a certain color can still perceive that color accurately
He triggers?
Images of males in adults and children
Syntax?
Rules for ordering words into sentences
Our ability to learn a new language
Depends on the language
Why are people skeptical of claims that chimps can learn a language?
They don’t show an ability to squire a limited vocab
Availability an example of a
Hueristic
Basic units of cognition are?
Concepts
