Chapter 13 Flashcards
Psychodynamic theories
Viewing personality with a big importance on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences
Personality
Personality an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
Free association
In psychoanalysis where you explore the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Pyschoanalysis
Freudian theory that personality attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Unconscious
According to Freud a reservoir of mostly acceptable thoughts wishes feelings and memories according to contemporary psychologists information processing of which we are unaware
id
A resivior of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates the pleasure principle demanding immediate gratification
Ego
The executive part of the personality according to Freud mediates the demands of the id it operates the reality principle
Superego
According to Freud represents internal ideals and provides standards for judgement(the conscious) and for future aspersions
Psychosexual stages
The childhood stages of development.(oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) where according to Freud the Id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on the distinct erogenous zones
Odipus complex
Freud, a boys sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for his rival father
Identification
The process by which according to Freud, children incorporate their parents values into their developing super egos
Fixation
According to Freud a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts are unresolved
Defense mechanisms
In psychoanalytic theory the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Repression
Psychoanalytic theory
, basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety making thoughts, feelings memories from consciousness
Collective unconscious
Carl jungs concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history
Projective test
A personality test that provides stimuli so it triggers a projective of your most inner dynamics like the Rorschach test
Rorschach
Inkblots test a version of a projective test
Terror-management theory
Death-related anxiety; explores people reactions the the reminder of those own impending death
Humanistic theories
View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
Self-actualization
Maslow, the motivation to fulfill ones potential
Self-concept
All our thoughts and feeling about ourselves in the question “who am I?”
Trait
A characteristic pattern of behavior
Personality inventory
A questionnaire which is used to assess selected personality traits
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
Most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests originally developed to identify emotional disorders now used for many other screening processes
Empirically derived test
Developed by testing a pool of items and the selecting those that discriminate between groups
Social- cognitive perspective
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits( including their thinking and their social context
Reciprocal determinism
The interacting influences of behavior internal cognition and environment
Personal control
The extent to which we perceive control over our environment
External locus of control
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
Internal locus of control
The perception that you control your own fate
Self control
The ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for long term rewards
Learned helplessness
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Spotlight effect
Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance performance and blunders(like a spotlight shines on us)
Self serving bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably
Narcissism
Excessive self love and self absorption
