Chapter 13

Question 0

Psychodynamic theories

Answer 0

Viewing personality with a big importance on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Personality an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

Question 2

Free association

Answer 2

In psychoanalysis where you explore the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Question 3

Pyschoanalysis

Answer 3

Freudian theory that personality attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Question 4

Unconscious

Answer 4

According to Freud a reservoir of mostly acceptable thoughts wishes feelings and memories according to contemporary psychologists information processing of which we are unaware

Question 5

id

Answer 5

A resivior of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates the pleasure principle demanding immediate gratification

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

The executive part of the personality according to Freud mediates the demands of the id it operates the reality principle

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

According to Freud represents internal ideals and provides standards for judgement(the conscious) and for future aspersions

Question 8

Psychosexual stages

Answer 8

The childhood stages of development.(oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) where according to Freud the Id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on the distinct erogenous zones

Question 9

Odipus complex

Answer 9

Freud, a boys sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for his rival father

Question 10

Identification

Answer 10

The process by which according to Freud, children incorporate their parents values into their developing super egos

Question 11

Fixation

Answer 11

According to Freud a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts are unresolved

Question 12

Defense mechanisms

Answer 12

In psychoanalytic theory the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 13

Repression

Answer 13

Psychoanalytic theory

, basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety making thoughts, feelings memories from consciousness

Question 14

Collective unconscious

Answer 14

Carl jungs concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

Question 15

Projective test

Answer 15

A personality test that provides stimuli so it triggers a projective of your most inner dynamics like the Rorschach test

Question 16

Rorschach

Answer 16

Inkblots test a version of a projective test

Question 17

Terror-management theory

Answer 17

Death-related anxiety; explores people reactions the the reminder of those own impending death

Question 18

Humanistic theories

Answer 18

View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

Question 19

Self-actualization

Answer 19

Maslow, the motivation to fulfill ones potential

Question 20

Self-concept

Answer 20

All our thoughts and feeling about ourselves in the question “who am I?”

Question 21

Trait

Answer 21

A characteristic pattern of behavior

Question 22

Personality inventory

Answer 22

A questionnaire which is used to assess selected personality traits

Question 23

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

Answer 23

Most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests originally developed to identify emotional disorders now used for many other screening processes

Question 24

Empirically derived test

Answer 24

Developed by testing a pool of items and the selecting those that discriminate between groups

Question 25

Social- cognitive perspective

Answer 25

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits( including their thinking and their social context

Question 26

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 26

The interacting influences of behavior internal cognition and environment

Question 27

Personal control

Answer 27

The extent to which we perceive control over our environment

Question 28

External locus of control

Answer 28

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 29

Internal locus of control

Answer 29

The perception that you control your own fate

Question 30

Self control

Answer 30

The ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for long term rewards

Question 31

Learned helplessness

Answer 31

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 32

Spotlight effect

Answer 32

Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance performance and blunders(like a spotlight shines on us)

Question 33

Self serving bias

Answer 33

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Question 34

Narcissism

Answer 34

Excessive self love and self absorption