Chapter 5 Test Flashcards
What is a zygote?
The fertilized egg;it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell decision and develops into an embryo
Developmental psychology
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change through out the life span
What’s an embryo?
The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
Fetus
The developing human organism from weeks after conception to birth
Teratogens
(Literally, “monster maker”) agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant women’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions
Habituation
Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation, as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner
Maturation
Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior relatively uninfluenced by experience
Cognition
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Schema
A concept or frame work that organizes and interprets information
Assimilation
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
Accommodation
Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
Sensorimotor stage
In Piaget’s , the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the worlds mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Object permanence
The awarness that things continue to exist even when not proceived
Egocentrism
In Piaget’s theory the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of veiw
Preoperational stage
In Piaget’s theory the stage ( from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use a language but does not comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Conservation
The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Theory of the mind
People’s ideas about their own and others metal states about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict
Concrete operational stage
Piaget’s theory, the state of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Formal operation theory
Piaget’s theory the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Stranger anxiety
The fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning by about 8 months of age
Attachment
An emotional tie with another person; shown by young children by wanting closeness with their caregiver and distress in seperation
Critical period
An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces a normal development
Imprinting
The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
Basic trust
According to Erik erikson a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive care givers
Adolescence
The transition period from childhood to adulthood extending from puberty to adulthood
Puberty
The period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes Capable of reproduction
Primary sex characteristics
The body structures (sex organs) that make sexual reproduction possible
Secondary sex characteristics
Non-reproductive sexual characteristics
Menarche
The first menstrual period
Identity
Our sense of self; according to Erikson the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self
Social identity
The “we” aspect of our self-concept the part of our answer to “who am I?”
Intimacy
In eriksons theory, the ability to form close loving relationships; primary task in adolescence to early adulthood
Emerging adulthood
A period for some people in the late teens to mid-twenties bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence
Menopause
The time of natural cessation of menstruation
Cross-sectional study
A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
Longitudinal study
Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time
How long is the average sleep cycle?
90 minutes
What does the first sleep cycle consist of?
No rem sleep usually dreaming
What is REM SLEEP?
Shallowest sleep in the cycle and Rapid Eye Movement
How many cycles do you go through in a night?
5-6
If you’re a long sleeper what do you experience more of?
Rem sleep, dream a lot and sleeping less and less
Deeply
What stages are normally in first cycle?
3 & 4
When is the worst time to wake up?
1 hour to 2 hours after you fall asleep
When do you not move in sleep?
When your dreaming- seemingly paralyzed
If you sleep less you?
Dream more
What is a myochronic jerk?
That “sudden falling” feeling in your sleep. Jolting awake for no reason. Not a sleep problem you will experience this in phases of your life
Who will the myochronic jerk most likely happen too?
A nervous person
How much of our sleep do we spend in the stages?
Stage 1: 6% Stage 2: 49% Stage 3: 8% Stage 4: 13% Rem: 25%
How much of our sleep do we dream?
80%
What kind of dreams do you have in the 1st rem?
Problem solving things that bother you before sleep
Kind of dreams during 2 + 3 rem cycle?
Dreams are historic- past events
Dreams in 4th rem cycle?
Freudian dreams- symbolic dreams
Why dream are most likely to wake up from?
Grand finale - all of your dreams mashed together in one weird ass movie
Whose normally in dreams?
15%only the dreamer
85% dreamer and 2 other people
Why two other people in dreams?
We’re social animals 2 others make the dream more vivid emotional experiences +visual
What is unlikely to dream about?
People you’ve never seen
How often do strangers appear in your dream
43% of the time
Stage 5
Dreaming continued 97% of time if woken you will remember dream your rem cycle
Stage 1
Low amplitude high freq. may be asleep but not really
Stage 2
High freq high amplitude
Stage 3
Higher freq higher amplitude
Stage 4
Highest amp highest freq. hardest to wake from
