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CPN Exam > CPN Exam Cards COPY > Flashcards

CPN Exam Cards COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalocaudally

A

from head to toe (head control, then sitting, then walking)

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2
Q

Proximodistally

A

from the trunk to the tips of the extremities (moving arms and legs before picking things up with fingers)

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3
Q

General to the Specific

A

crawling, then walking, then skipping

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4
Q

Chronologic Age

A

Years or months since birth date

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5
Q

Mental Age

A

Level of cognitive function

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6
Q

Bone Age

A

Determined by X-ray of tarsals and carpals

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7
Q

Adjusted/Corrected Age (for growth charting)

A

Chronologic age minus # of weeks born prematurely– Prematurity = < 37 weeks post gestational age– Used for first 2 years of life

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8
Q

Length

A

0-36 months

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9
Q

Height

A

2-18 year

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10
Q

Weight at birth

A

Some genetic components
Largely a measure of maternal nutrition

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11
Q

Weight at 6 months

A

Double birth weight (minimally)

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12
Q

Weight at 1 year

A

Triple birth weight(minimally)

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13
Q

Weight > 1 year

A

Genetic Influence
Environmental Influence
Illness/Health Influence

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14
Q

BMI ≥95%

A

obese (30 or more)

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15
Q

BMI 85% - <95%

A

overweight (25-29.9)

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16
Q

BMI 5% - <85%

A

healthy weight (18.6- 24.9)

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17
Q

BMI ≤ 5%

A

underweight (≤18.5)

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18
Q

Average Birth length

A

20 inches

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19
Q

Length by Age

A

1st year: 10 inches
2nd year: 5 inches
3rd year - puberty: 2.5 inches

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20
Q

Infant

A

0-12 months

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21
Q

Infant 2 Month Social

A

Instinctual Smile

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22
Q

Infant 3 Month Social

A

Social Smile

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23
Q

Infant 4 Month Social

A

Laughts

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24
Q

Infant 4-6 Month Social

A

Stranger Danger

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25
Q

Infant 7-9 Month Social

A

Peek-a-boo, look in mirror

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26
Q

Infant 10-12 Month Social

A

Claps hands, waves bye-bye

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27
Q

Infant 3 Month Cognition

A

Babbles, turn to rattling noise, notices own hands

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28
Q

Infant 6 Month Cognition

A

continuous babbling: babbles in response to sounds as in conversation

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29
Q

Infant 7-9 Month Cognition

A

understands cause and effect

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30
Q

Infant 10-12 Month Cognition

A

points to objects when named; says “mama” “dada”; says 5 words but understands many more

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31
Q

Infant 2 Month Motor

A

lift head; follows to midline; posterior fontanel closes

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32
Q

Infant 3 Month Motor

A

eyes can track objects 180 degrees; raises head and neck when lying on stomach; notices own hands

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33
Q

Infant 4 Month Motor

A

rakes objects; grasps rattle; begins to roll over (first from stomach to back

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34
Q

Infant 5-6 Month Motor

A

rolls over from back to front; transfers objects from hand to hand; reaches; pushes up on knees and hands and rocks back and forth; sits with support

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35
Q

Infant 8 Month Motor

A

sits without support

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36
Q

Infant 9 Month Motor

A

develops pincer grasp; feeds self bottle or cheerios; crawls; stands holding on

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37
Q

Infant 10-12 Month Motor

A

claps hands; waves bye-bye; pulls self up to a stand; cruises; walks with support; may take first steps

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38
Q

Infant Reflexes

A

Present at birth, disappear by 4 months

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39
Q

Root Reflex

A

Corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and “root” in the direction of the stroking

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40
Q

Suck Reflex

A

Roof of the baby’s mouth is touched, the baby will begin to suck

May not be present or weak in premature babies

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41
Q

Moro Reflex

A

Often called a startle reflex because it usually occurs when a baby is startled by a loud sound or movement. In response to the sound, the baby throws back his or her head, extends out the arms and legs, cries, then pulls the arms and legs back in

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42
Q

Tonic Neck Reflex

A

When a baby’s head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow. This is often called the “fencing” position

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43
Q

Grasp Reflex

A

Stroking the palm of a baby’s hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grasp

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44
Q

Babinski Reflex

A

When the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back toward the top of the foot and the other toes fan out

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45
Q

Step Reflex

A

Baby appears to take steps or dance when held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface

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46
Q

Parachute Reflex

A

When a baby senses that they’re about to fall, their arms reflexively extend to break the fall

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47
Q

Toddler

A

1-2 years old

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48
Q

Toddler Social

A

Egocentric
Separation Anxiety
Temper Tantrums
Lacks concept of sharing
Points to body parts

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49
Q

Toddler 12 Month Cognition

A

says 5 words; understands many more

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50
Q

Toddler 18 Month Cognition

A

says 50 words; understands many more

51
Q

Toddler 24 Month Cognition

A

says 400 words; uses 2 to 3-word phrases

52
Q

Toddler 12-18 Month Motor

A

anterior fontanel closes

53
Q

Toddler 12-16 Month Motor

A

walks

54
Q

Toddler 21 Month Motor

A

Climbs Stairs

55
Q

Toddler 24 Month Motor

A

Runs and Jumps

56
Q

Toilet Training

A

18-24 Months shows interest
24 months bladder reaches adult function

57
Q

Daytime Dryness

A

2-3 years

58
Q

Nighttime Dryness

A

3-5 years

59
Q

Preschool

A

3-5 Years

60
Q

Preschool Social

A

Awareness of others increases
Begins to share, follow rules, take turns
Develops a conscience
People Pleaser

61
Q

Preschool 3 Year Cognition

A

Uses 3-4 word phrases, 75% of language is intelligible

62
Q

Preschool 4 Year Cognition

A

Uses 4-5 word phrases

63
Q

Preschool 5 Year Cognition

A

Uses 5-6 word phrases; tells long stories

64
Q

Preschool 3 year Motor

A

rides a tricycle; dresses self; uses scissors; builds a tower of more than 6 blocks

65
Q

Preschool 4 Year Motor

A

throws ball overhead; hops and stands on one foot for up to 5 seconds

66
Q

Preschool 5 Year Motor

A

dresses self well; runs, jumps, skips, hops, somersaults

67
Q

School Age

A

6-12 Years

68
Q

School Age Social

A

School focal point of activities
Parent is greatest influence
Teacher greatest non-parent influence
Develops true friends
Group Activities
Cooperate and Compromise

69
Q

Morality

A

6-9: sense of right and wrong
10-12: sense of “shades of Gray”

70
Q

School Age Cognition

A

Develops sense of time and space
Understands cause and effect
Reads and spells
Enjoys games with strategy

71
Q

School Age Motor

A

Child is Limber - bones grow faster than muscles, prone to bone fractures
Physical activity important to avoid overweight

72
Q

Breast Development

A

1st sign of female puberty - 10 years

73
Q

Pubic Hair Development - Girls

A

2nd sign of female puberty - 11 years

74
Q

Height Spurt - Girls

A

3rd sign of female puberty - 12 years

75
Q

Menarche

A

last sign of female puberty - 13 years

76
Q

Precocious Puberty

A

< 7 years Caucasian
< 6 years African American

77
Q

Testicular Enlargement

A

1st sign of male puberty - 11 years

78
Q

Pubic Hair - Male

A

2nd sign of male puberty - 12 years

79
Q

Height Spurt - Male

A

3rd sign of male puberty - 14 years

80
Q

Precocious Puberty - Male

A

1st sign of puberty <9 years

81
Q

Adolescent

A

13-18 years

82
Q

Adolescent Social

A

Intense interest in peer group and perception of others
Peer contact and involvement becomes increasingly important

83
Q

Adolescent Sexuality

A

Sexuality emerges– Sexual behavior and experimentation may be homosexual and heterosexual and is NOT necessarily related to sexual orientation

84
Q

Adolescent Cognition

A

Self-image concept changes with changing body
Egocentric
Uses past experiences when making decisions

85
Q

Adolescent Motor

A

Rapid increase in height and weight

86
Q

Infant Psychosocial Development

A

Focus is trust - consistency

87
Q

Toddler Psychosocial Development

A

Focus is autonomy - mastering new tasks

88
Q

Preschool Psychosocial Development

A

Focus is initiative - dressing self

89
Q

School Age Psychosocial Development

A

Focus is achievement

90
Q

Adolescent Psychosocial Development

A

Focus is Identity Development

91
Q

Infant Cognitive Development

A

learns through interaction with the environment

92
Q

Toddler Cognitive Development

A

Egocentric

93
Q

Preschool Cognitive Development

A

Thinking is non-logical, non-linear

94
Q

School Age Cognitive Development

A

Thinking is logical, linear, concrete

95
Q

Adolescent Cognitive Development

A

Thinking is adaptable, flexible, abstract

96
Q

Infant Communication

A

parental presence, routines, consistency

97
Q

Toddler Communication

A

avoid separation from parents, flexibility, autonomy, gross motor activity

98
Q

Preschool Communication

A

promote initiative, give choices, short explanations, demonstrate to reduce anxiety

99
Q

School Age Communication

A

involve, explain, assess understanding, promote peers and school

100
Q

Adolescent Communication

A

promote privacy and modesty, promote peer contact, open-ended questions, remain objective

101
Q

Discipline

A

Based on Development

102
Q

Toddler Discipline

A

focus on distraction and redirection, positive reinforcement, consistency

103
Q

Preschool Discipline

A

people-pleasers”; ignore bad behavior and reward good behavio

104
Q

School Age Discipline

A

give independence and encourage personal responsibility; discuss consequences of actions

105
Q

Adolescent Discipline

A

promote and reinforce good choices; save battles for important things

106
Q

Pain Scale Infant, Toddler, Preschool

A

FLACC Pain Assessment Scale

107
Q

Pain Scale 4-8 Years

A

Wong Baker Faces Scale

108
Q

Pain Scale >8

A

Numeric Scale

109
Q

Vitamin D

A

Supplementation begins within a few days after birth
Toddlers will get adequate amounts from dietary intake

110
Q

Iron

A

4 months until solid foods - breast-fed ONLY

111
Q

Milk

A

Breast Milk - 1st 4 months
Formula - 20-30 ounces (4-6 months)
Whole Milk - 1-2 years (sippy cup)
Lower fat Milk - >2

112
Q

Infant Meals

A

Pureed solid foods - 4 months old introduce
Limit rice, Oats, barley and mixed grains
Table Food - 4-12 months

113
Q

Toddler, Preschool, School Age meals

A

3 meals + 2 snacks

114
Q

Toddler Developmental Issues

A

slow growth, picky eaters– Focus on: socialization, time-limit, avoiding battles

115
Q

Preschool Developmental Issues

A

slow growth, food jags are common– Focus on: avoiding battles

116
Q

School Age and Adolescent Developmental Issues

A

develop habits, make choices, engage in social media and electronics– Focus on: promotion of healthy lifestyle

117
Q

Teething

A

3-4 Months

118
Q

First Tooth

A

6 months

119
Q

20 Teeth

A

By age 3

120
Q

Tooth Loss

A

Loses first tooth at 6 years
Loses and replaces 4 teeth a year until 12

121
Q

Infant Sleep Safety

A

Back to Sleep
Bare Crib

122
Q

Adolescent HEEADSSS Assessment Tool

A

Home
Education
Employment
Activities
Drugs
Sexuality
Suicide
Safety

123
Q

Adolescent Mortality

A
  1. Motor Vehicle Accident
  2. Homicide
  3. Suicide

CPN Exam (10 decks)

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