CPN Exam Cards COPY Flashcards
1
Q
Cephalocaudally
A
from head to toe (head control, then sitting, then walking)
2
Q
Proximodistally
A
from the trunk to the tips of the extremities (moving arms and legs before picking things up with fingers)
3
Q
General to the Specific
A
crawling, then walking, then skipping
4
Q
Chronologic Age
A
Years or months since birth date
5
Q
Mental Age
A
Level of cognitive function
6
Q
Bone Age
A
Determined by X-ray of tarsals and carpals
7
Q
Adjusted/Corrected Age (for growth charting)
A
Chronologic age minus # of weeks born prematurely– Prematurity = < 37 weeks post gestational age– Used for first 2 years of life
8
Q
Length
A
0-36 months
9
Q
Height
A
2-18 year
10
Q
Weight at birth
A
Some genetic components
Largely a measure of maternal nutrition
11
Q
Weight at 6 months
A
Double birth weight (minimally)
12
Q
Weight at 1 year
A
Triple birth weight(minimally)
13
Q
Weight > 1 year
A
Genetic Influence
Environmental Influence
Illness/Health Influence
14
Q
BMI ≥95%
A
obese (30 or more)
15
Q
BMI 85% - <95%
A
overweight (25-29.9)
16
Q
BMI 5% - <85%
A
healthy weight (18.6- 24.9)
17
Q
BMI ≤ 5%
A
underweight (≤18.5)
18
Q
Average Birth length
A
20 inches
19
Q
Length by Age
A
1st year: 10 inches
2nd year: 5 inches
3rd year - puberty: 2.5 inches
20
Q
Infant
A
0-12 months
21
Q
Infant 2 Month Social
A
Instinctual Smile
22
Q
Infant 3 Month Social
A
Social Smile
23
Q
Infant 4 Month Social
A
Laughts
24
Q
Infant 4-6 Month Social
A
Stranger Danger
25
Infant 7-9 Month Social
Peek-a-boo, look in mirror
26
Infant 10-12 Month Social
Claps hands, waves bye-bye
27
Infant 3 Month Cognition
Babbles, turn to rattling noise, notices own hands
28
Infant 6 Month Cognition
continuous babbling: babbles in response to sounds as in conversation
29
Infant 7-9 Month Cognition
understands cause and effect
30
Infant 10-12 Month Cognition
points to objects when named; says “mama” “dada”; says 5 words but understands many more
31
Infant 2 Month Motor
lift head; follows to midline; posterior fontanel closes
32
Infant 3 Month Motor
eyes can track objects 180 degrees; raises head and neck when lying on stomach; notices own hands
33
Infant 4 Month Motor
rakes objects; grasps rattle; begins to roll over (first from stomach to back
34
Infant 5-6 Month Motor
rolls over from back to front; transfers objects from hand to hand; reaches; pushes up on knees and hands and rocks back and forth; sits with support
35
Infant 8 Month Motor
sits without support
36
Infant 9 Month Motor
develops pincer grasp; feeds self bottle or cheerios; crawls; stands holding on
37
Infant 10-12 Month Motor
claps hands; waves bye-bye; pulls self up to a stand; cruises; walks with support; may take first steps
38
Infant Reflexes
Present at birth, disappear by 4 months
39
Root Reflex
Corner of the baby's mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and "root" in the direction of the stroking
40
Suck Reflex
Roof of the baby's mouth is touched, the baby will begin to suck
May not be present or weak in premature babies
41
Moro Reflex
Often called a startle reflex because it usually occurs when a baby is startled by a loud sound or movement. In response to the sound, the baby throws back his or her head, extends out the arms and legs, cries, then pulls the arms and legs back in
42
Tonic Neck Reflex
When a baby's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow. This is often called the "fencing" position
43
Grasp Reflex
Stroking the palm of a baby's hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grasp
44
Babinski Reflex
When the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back toward the top of the foot and the other toes fan out
45
Step Reflex
Baby appears to take steps or dance when held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface
46
Parachute Reflex
When a baby senses that they're about to fall, their arms reflexively extend to break the fall
47
Toddler
1-2 years old
48
Toddler Social
Egocentric
Separation Anxiety
Temper Tantrums
Lacks concept of sharing
Points to body parts
49
Toddler 12 Month Cognition
says 5 words; understands many more
50
Toddler 18 Month Cognition
says 50 words; understands many more
51
Toddler 24 Month Cognition
says 400 words; uses 2 to 3-word phrases
52
Toddler 12-18 Month Motor
anterior fontanel closes
53
Toddler 12-16 Month Motor
walks
54
Toddler 21 Month Motor
Climbs Stairs
55
Toddler 24 Month Motor
Runs and Jumps
56
Toilet Training
18-24 Months shows interest
24 months bladder reaches adult function
57
Daytime Dryness
2-3 years
58
Nighttime Dryness
3-5 years
59
Preschool
3-5 Years
60
Preschool Social
Awareness of others increases
Begins to share, follow rules, take turns
Develops a conscience
People Pleaser
61
Preschool 3 Year Cognition
Uses 3-4 word phrases, 75% of language is intelligible
62
Preschool 4 Year Cognition
Uses 4-5 word phrases
63
Preschool 5 Year Cognition
Uses 5-6 word phrases; tells long stories
64
Preschool 3 year Motor
rides a tricycle; dresses self; uses scissors; builds a tower of more than 6 blocks
65
Preschool 4 Year Motor
throws ball overhead; hops and stands on one foot for up to 5 seconds
66
Preschool 5 Year Motor
dresses self well; runs, jumps, skips, hops, somersaults
67
School Age
6-12 Years
68
School Age Social
School focal point of activities
Parent is greatest influence
Teacher greatest non-parent influence
Develops true friends
Group Activities
Cooperate and Compromise
69
Morality
6-9: sense of right and wrong
10-12: sense of "shades of Gray"
70
School Age Cognition
Develops sense of time and space
Understands cause and effect
Reads and spells
Enjoys games with strategy
71
School Age Motor
Child is Limber - bones grow faster than muscles, prone to bone fractures
Physical activity important to avoid overweight
72
Breast Development
1st sign of female puberty - 10 years
73
Pubic Hair Development - Girls
2nd sign of female puberty - 11 years
74
Height Spurt - Girls
3rd sign of female puberty - 12 years
75
Menarche
last sign of female puberty - 13 years
76
Precocious Puberty
< 7 years Caucasian
< 6 years African American
77
Testicular Enlargement
1st sign of male puberty - 11 years
78
Pubic Hair - Male
2nd sign of male puberty - 12 years
79
Height Spurt - Male
3rd sign of male puberty - 14 years
80
Precocious Puberty - Male
1st sign of puberty <9 years
81
Adolescent
13-18 years
82
Adolescent Social
Intense interest in peer group and perception of others
Peer contact and involvement becomes increasingly important
83
Adolescent Sexuality
Sexuality emerges– Sexual behavior and experimentation may be homosexual and heterosexual and is NOT necessarily related to sexual orientation
84
Adolescent Cognition
Self-image concept changes with changing body
Egocentric
Uses past experiences when making decisions
85
Adolescent Motor
Rapid increase in height and weight
86
Infant Psychosocial Development
Focus is trust - consistency
87
Toddler Psychosocial Development
Focus is autonomy - mastering new tasks
88
Preschool Psychosocial Development
Focus is initiative - dressing self
89
School Age Psychosocial Development
Focus is achievement
90
Adolescent Psychosocial Development
Focus is Identity Development
91
Infant Cognitive Development
learns through interaction with the environment
92
Toddler Cognitive Development
Egocentric
93
Preschool Cognitive Development
Thinking is non-logical, non-linear
94
School Age Cognitive Development
Thinking is logical, linear, concrete
95
Adolescent Cognitive Development
Thinking is adaptable, flexible, abstract
96
Infant Communication
parental presence, routines, consistency
97
Toddler Communication
avoid separation from parents, flexibility, autonomy, gross motor activity
98
Preschool Communication
promote initiative, give choices, short explanations, demonstrate to reduce anxiety
99
School Age Communication
involve, explain, assess understanding, promote peers and school
100
Adolescent Communication
promote privacy and modesty, promote peer contact, open-ended questions, remain objective
101
Discipline
Based on Development
102
Toddler Discipline
focus on distraction and redirection, positive reinforcement, consistency
103
Preschool Discipline
people-pleasers”; ignore bad behavior and reward good behavio
104
School Age Discipline
give independence and encourage personal responsibility; discuss consequences of actions
105
Adolescent Discipline
promote and reinforce good choices; save battles for important things
106
Pain Scale Infant, Toddler, Preschool
FLACC Pain Assessment Scale
107
Pain Scale 4-8 Years
Wong Baker Faces Scale
108
Pain Scale >8
Numeric Scale
109
Vitamin D
Supplementation begins within a few days after birth
Toddlers will get adequate amounts from dietary intake
110
Iron
4 months until solid foods - breast-fed ONLY
111
Milk
Breast Milk - 1st 4 months
Formula - 20-30 ounces (4-6 months)
Whole Milk - 1-2 years (sippy cup)
Lower fat Milk - >2
112
Infant Meals
Pureed solid foods - 4 months old introduce
Limit rice, Oats, barley and mixed grains
Table Food - 4-12 months
113
Toddler, Preschool, School Age meals
3 meals + 2 snacks
114
Toddler Developmental Issues
slow growth, picky eaters– Focus on: socialization, time-limit, avoiding battles
115
Preschool Developmental Issues
slow growth, food jags are common– Focus on: avoiding battles
116
School Age and Adolescent Developmental Issues
develop habits, make choices, engage in social media and electronics– Focus on: promotion of healthy lifestyle
117
Teething
3-4 Months
118
First Tooth
6 months
119
20 Teeth
By age 3
120
Tooth Loss
Loses first tooth at 6 years
Loses and replaces 4 teeth a year until 12
121
Infant Sleep Safety
Back to Sleep
Bare Crib
122
Adolescent HEEADSSS Assessment Tool
Home
Education
Employment
Activities
Drugs
Sexuality
Suicide
Safety
123
Adolescent Mortality
1. Motor Vehicle Accident
2. Homicide
3. Suicide
