CPD Record Flashcards
What typical defects would you expect to find in RC Concrete?
Carbonation
Sulfate Attack
Chloride Attack
Alkali Silica Reaction
How would you identify these concrete defects?
Carbonation - brown rusting from corrosion along lines of reinforcement, spalling and cracking of facing concrete
Sulfate Attack - mapped cracking to floor slabs, bulging to centre, displaced brickwork
Chloride Attack - large cracking and bulging, black rusting, pitting of steel reinforcement, can occur where no spalling
Alkali Silica Reaction - mapped cracking, blown pockets of concrete facing, gel behind surface of concrete
How would you test for each of these concrete defects?
Carbonation - phenolphthalein solution, purple if no carbonation, clear if carbonation present. can be used to measure depth of carbonation.
Sulfate Attack
Chloride Attack - chemical testing, brown where chlorides present. Lab testing.
Alkali Silica Reaction
How would you remediate each of these concrete defects?
Carbonation
Sulfate Attack
Chloride Attack
Alkali Silica Reaction
What are the insurance options found within the JCT Suite? And when would each be used?
Option A - Joint Names taken out by Contractor
Option B - Joint Names by Employer
Option C - Joint Names Works to Existing Structure)
What is the pre-planning process? When would you use it?
Meeting held with Local Planning Authority to discuss proposals and give them an opportunity to comment.
After meeting, they will issue a summary, which can be incorporated into plans
Reduced risk of failure to obtain planning, however extends programme duration.
What documents would you submit with a planning applications (Listed Building Consent, Full Planning, Demolition?
Standard Application Form
Location Plan & Site Plan
Ownership Certificate
Design and Access Statement (required for LBC)
Fire Statement (ful applications involving buildings 18m tall, >1 dwelling)
Application Fee
What forms of Planning Applications are you aware of?
Full Planning (full approval) Outline Planning (consent subject to review of 'reserved matters')
Approval of Reserved Matters Discharge of Conditions Ammending Proposal (where planning is in place) Ammending Planning Obgliations Lawful Development Certificate Listed Building Consent Advertising Consent
What is Discharge of Planning Conditions?
A further application made to the LPA, to satisfy conditions of Planning Consent previously achieved.
What are the common methods of basement waterproofing you would encounter?
Defined by BS8102: Code of Practice for Protection of Structures Against Water from the Ground
Type A - Barrier Protection (Internally or Externally Applied)
Type B - Intergral Water Proofing
Type C - Internally Applied Drained System
What is your understanding of Type A Basement Waterproofing?
Type A refers to the installation of a water-proof barrier either internally or externally.
INTERNALLY APPLIED
- for refurbishment application
- does not protect the structure from ingress or chemical damage to structure
- generally applied as coatings or sheet membrane linings
EXTERNALLY APPLIED
- Water proofing applied to external surfaces that are exposed to ground water.
-Suitable for new construction.
- Gives protection against water & chemical attack.
- Can be membranes or coatings.
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What is your understanding of Type B Basement Waterproofing?
- Type B is a waterproofing integrated into the concrete structure (new construction only)
- The structure itself stops the passage of water
- Typically water resistant concrete
- Careful consideration must be made for any joints (water-stop junctions)
What is your understanding of Type C Basement Waterproofing?
- Type C directs penetrating water into a drainage system and collecting sump, before using pump to discharge water.
- Can be used for either new construction or refurbishment.
- Structure is not protected
- Drainage channel & pump must be accessible for maintenance.
When would you expect each waterproofing method to be used?
Type A - External is new build only, Internal can be either new or refurbishment
Type B - Is new build only.
Type C - can be either, but typically refurbishment.
What defects would you typically encounter in basement waterproofing, and how would these be remediated?
- Georgian Basement - No DPC or Membrane, can be retrospectively waterproofed.
- Poor workmanship
- Structural Failure or Building Movement
- Leaks in pumped waste
- Appearance of Tanking, but ordinary render applied
- Tanking not to full height, or correctly jointed.
What do you understand about Modular Construction?
Process where pre-engineering unit delivered to site as large volumetric components.
Economy of scale (repetetive manufacture) Rapid install (site prep and manufacture simultaneous).
May restrict flexibility
Limited by constraints of site and deliveries.
May be limited in design potential.
What do you understand about the term defect?
Deficiency in design or construction of a building or structure arising from failure to design or construct in reasonable or workmanlike manner.
Can be latent or patent. Patent observable by reasonable inspection, latent may emerge at a later today.
Should latent emerge following issue of Certificate of Making Good, Employer would need to seek redress for damages.
What Common Defects would you encounter in Masonry Facades?
Movement in Brickwork, thermal expansion, chemical attack, ground movement, applied loadings, shrinkage of concrete.
Shrinkage of calcium silicate brickwork.
Movement from changes in temperature, moisture content, chemical composition, loading or structural movement
Corrosion of metal work (cavity wall ties)
What Common Defects would you encounter in Cavity Wall Construction?
Became common in the 20s
Cavity wall tie corrosion - 450mm courses cracking
Cavity bridging - mortar deposits bridging cavity.
Poorly installed thermal elements.
Poorly installed closers - water cannot drain from cavity / build up of water.
What Common Defects would you encounter in Timber Roof Structure?
Truss roof
Botled TRADA fink truss - can lose integrity if cut incorrectly.
Insufficeint bracing
Sagging timbers - struts resting on interal load bearing walls are cut away causing sag. Overloading (concrete tiles)
Rotten rafters around chimnys, eavs, valleys (attention to flashings)
Poor ventilation
Inadequate ventilation / thickness of insulation
Un-insulated access hatches
Insulation Blocking air circulation at eaves.
What is a Technical Due Diligence Survey? What information would be recorded?
RICS Technical due diligence of commercial property (Guidance Note)
Involves the review, analysis and collation or critical information about characteristics of land or property.
Will identify any defects or deficiencies that could have an impact on the asset or users in short medium or long term.
Consider Acquisition, Occupation & Operation, Disposal, Refurbishment or Development.
What is the role of the Contract Administrator?
RICS Guidance Note on Contract Administrator
A Party appointed by the Employer to Administer the Contract between the Employer and Contractor.
Function as agent of the employer, but also as impartial decision make in administering contract terms.
Duties include chairing meetings, assessing works progress, issue of instruction, review of EOT’s, authorising interim payments, certifying completion.
What is the difference between CA and EA?
RICS Black Book - Employer’s Agent (D&B)
An individual with whom the Employer has entrusted with their authority to manage the project.
Employer’s Agent must still act impartially under decision making and certification duties.
How would you assess risk prior to an inspection?
I would produce a risk assessment to:
Identify Hazards Assess the Risks Control the Risks (Eliminate, Substitute, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, PPE) Record Findings Review the Controls
What are your duties with regards to H&S
RICS Surveying Safely Practice Note
- Practice Corporate H&S Policy
- Undertake Risk Assessment where people, property or environment may be harmed.
- Ensure suitable competent.
Know and understand risks through training, keeping up to date and experience.
What are your Employer’s duties with regards to H&S?
- Implement Structures to Manage H&S
- Ensure Clear Lines of Accountability
- Identify & Manage Foreseeable Risk
- Provide Training
- Ensure Appropriate Insurances
What are your responsibilities in management of Contractors?
- Ensure competent for the works
- Are they suitable insured?
- Member of any regulatory or professional body
- Monitor works on site - are procedures being followed?
What is the differeence between passive and active ventilation?
Passive - guide existing air currents, therefore may be less consistent, no energy consumption.
Active - Mechanical refers to mechanical or energy-consuming elements provide ventilation
