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Core Haematology > CP43 - Acute Leukaemia > Flashcards

CP43 - Acute Leukaemia Flashcards

1
Q

definition of acute leukaemia?

A

Result of accumulation of early myeloid or lymphoid precursors in the bone marrow, blood and other tissues

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2
Q

what is leukaemia?

A

is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.

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3
Q

what can cause leukaemia?

A

previous chemo

somatic mutation in a single cell within a population of early progenitor cells

terminal event of pre-existing blood disorder

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4
Q

what are the 2 groups of leukaemia

A

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)

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5
Q

what does lymphoid progenitor give rise to?

A

B and T cells

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6
Q

what does myeloid progenitor give rise to?

A

blood cells

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7
Q

what are the histological features of AML

A

increase WBC and large irregular shape , big nucleus, much more cytoplasm

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8
Q

what are the histological features of ALL

A

much rounder and regular shape of WBC and much less cytoplasm present

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9
Q

what are the clinical features for acute leukaemia?

A

anaemia - SOB, fatigue
infection - reduce WBC
easy bruising and haemorrhage - thrombocyotpenia

organmegaly - organ infiltration by leukaemia cells (spleen, liver, meninges)

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10
Q

what can gum hypertrophy indicate?

A

Monocytic subtype of AML

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11
Q

how is AML diagnosed

A

monoclonal antibody - surface antigen expression

immunoflouresence

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12
Q

what are some factors which can worsen the prognosis in ALL?

A

increasing age,
high WCC
male

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13
Q

what is Philadelphia Chromosome

A

t(9;22) Translocation - generation of ALL/CML

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14
Q

what are some mutation which can cause AML?

A

FLT3 - bad prognosis , NPM1 - good prognosis

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15
Q

what are the treatment of AML?

A

repeat chemo/bone marrow transplant

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16
Q

what are the treatment of ALL?

A

repeat chemo/bone marrow transplant

can have CNS infection

17
Q

what is a complication for treatment of acute leukaemia

A

patient receive intensive chemo - become neutropenia for 10-21 days

sepsis

18
Q

what is neutropenic fever

A

pyrexia in the presence of neutrophil count less than 1.0X109/L

19
Q

how can neutropenic sepsis be treated

A

immediate administration of broad spectrum IV antibotics (gentamicin)

20
Q

how can neutropenic sepsis be prevent

A

protective isolation, prophylactic antibodies, strict hand hygiene

Core Haematology (11 decks)

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