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Core Haematology > CP35 - Intro to Haematology > Flashcards

CP35 - Intro to Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

what is haematology

A

Biology and pathology of the cells that normally circulate in the blood

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2
Q

what is haemopoiesis

A

The physiological developmental process that gives rise to the cellular components of blood

eg - a single multipotent haemopoietic stem cell can divide and differentiate to from different cell lineages that will populate the blood

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3
Q

what are the 4 types of haemopoietic stem cells?

A

symmetric self-renewal - give off 2 identical daughter cells

asymmetric self-renewal - give off one daughter call and a progenitor cell

lack of self-renewal - give off 2 different progenitor cells - ie deleting the original stem cells

lack of self-renewal - no differentiation at all ie maintain stem cell pool

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4
Q

what are the 2 different types of haemopoiesis differentiation

A

myeloid & lymphoid

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5
Q

which one of the 2 different types of haemopoiesis differentiation give rise to blood component

A

myeloid linage

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6
Q

when does haemopoiesis start?

A

at day 27 of the embryo - in the aorta

then migrate to the foetal liver at around 40 after circulating foetal blood stream (subsequent site of haemopoiesis.)

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7
Q

what are some of the functions of the blood cells

A

O2 transport
coagulation
immune response to infection
immune response to abnormal cells

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8
Q

what is the features of RBC?

A

Erythrocytes

lifespan 120 days in blood

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9
Q

what is polycytheaemia

A

increase RBC

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10
Q

what are the 3 different subdivision for WBC?

A

granulocyes, lymphocytes, monocytes

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11
Q

what are the 3 members for granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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12
Q

what does granulocytes contain

A

cytoplasmic granules

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13
Q

what is the main job of neutrophils?

A

phagocytes

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14
Q

what is the most common WBC in blood

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

what does neutrophilia mean

A

increase no. of neutrophils

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16
Q

what does neutropenia mean

A

decreased no. of neutrophils - chemo

17
Q

what sort of infection does eosinophils appear in?

A

parasitic, allergic reaction

18
Q

when is basophils seen?

A

rare in normal setting - but common in chronic myeloid leukaemia

19
Q

what is the function of monocytes

A

phagocytic & antigen-presenting

20
Q

what is the name for monocytes when they enter the tissue

A

macrophages or histocytes eg langerhan cells in skin, kupffer cells in liver

21
Q

what does monocytosis mean

A

increase in no. of monocytes

22
Q

which immune system does NK cells belong to?

A

innate

23
Q

which immune system does B cells belong to?

A

adaptive immune system humoural response - contain immunoglobin genes to enable antigen specific antibody production

24
Q

when will you see atypical lymphocytes ?

A

glandular fever, chronic lympocytic leukaemia

25
Q

what does lymphocytosis mean

A

increased no. of lymphocytes

26
Q

what does lymphopenia mean

A

decreased no. of lymphocytes - bone marrow transplant

27
Q

what does plasma lymphocytes do?

A

make immunoglobulin

28
Q

which condition is associated with plasma cells

A

myeloma - overproduction of plasma cells

29
Q

what does platelets come from

A

bone marrow megakaryocytes

30
Q

what is the reference range for a normal range

A

95% of the normal population

31
Q

what is sensitivity of a test?

A

defined as the proportion of abnormal results correctly classified by the test ( looking for positive)

expresses the ability to detect a true abnormality

32
Q

what is the equation to find sensitivity

A

TP / (TP+FN)

33
Q

what is specificity of a test?

A

expresses the ability to exclude an abnormal result in a healthy persn

34
Q

what is the equation to find specificity?

A

TN = (TN +FP)

35
Q

what is the range for microcytic hypochromic anaemia

A

MCV

36
Q

what is the range for normocytic normochromic anaemia

A

MCV 80 -95

MCH > 27

37
Q

what is the range for macrocytic normochromic anaemia

A

MCV > 95

38
Q

what is the common cause for macrocytic normochromic anaemia

A

alcohol abuse, megaloblastic - vit B12 or folate acid abnormal

Core Haematology (11 decks)

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