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VET - ClinPath2 > CP2 Practical 2 > Flashcards

CP2 Practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Grade this ear cytology slide

A

2+ Gram positive yeast (about 20 in field)
(3+? According to grade scale)
Note stain precipitate on Epithelial cells (do not mistake for cocci bacteria)

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2
Q

What additional information can you obtain from gram staining an ear cytology rather than staining with a typical 3-step stain?

A

Differentiation of gram positive vs gram negative organisms. Most useful when evaluating bacilli in the ear as gram neg bacilli (ie pseudomonas) are more difficult to treat and may warrant C/S

C/S = culture and stain???

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3
Q

what bacteria can be seen at the pointers? what are the likely species involved?

A

Gram negative bacilli
Ecoli, Proteus, Pseudomonas

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4
Q

Describe the gram reaction and micromorphology of each of the following samples

A

A - Gram Negative Bacilli
B - Gram Positive Cocci
C - Gram Positive Bacilli

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5
Q

Indicate which plates are lactose positive, indeterminat or lactose negative

A

A - Lactose positive
B - Lactose negative
C - Lactose indeterminate

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6
Q

Indicate which plate is positive for bile ppt and which is fisheye positive

A

A - fisheye
B - bile ppt

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7
Q

What is the type of hemolysis on each of these plates?

A

A - alpha
B - delta
C - gamma
D - beta

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8
Q

The lactose negative, oxidase positive organism with green filamentous colonies on MAC and beta hemolysis on BA is most consistent with which organism?

A

Pseudomonas

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9
Q

Identify the enteric organism shown here

A

Proteus Spp

Note swarming (BA) and Lactose Neg (MAC)

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10
Q

what is the difference between Regular Ecoli and Hemolytic Ecoli?

A

REC - non hemolytic
HEC - beta hemolysis
Both - Med/Lg flat, grey colonies on BA

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11
Q

Identify this organism isolated from a canine urine sample

A

HEC
[Lact +, Flat/dry colony w/ bile ppt (MAC), med beta hemolysis (BA)]

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12
Q

This catalase negative gram-positive cocci organism was the only organism isolated from a bovine mastitis infection
What is the likely identity of this organism? Pathogenic?

A

Alpha strep
(Catalase - = Streptococcus; Alpha hemolysis)

it is pathogenic; this is a commensal organism/ normally nonpathogenic, but this was the only organism isolated in this infection. so it acts as an opportunistic primary pathogen

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13
Q

Observe the colony morphology of this canine pyoderma isolate
(identity/ unique characteristics/ Gram/ catalase/ coagulase

A

ID : Staph A/P
Characteristic : Double zone / Delta hemolysis
Stain : Gram Positive Cocci
Catalase : Positive
Coagulase : Positive

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14
Q

This catalase positive GPC is a commensal on skin and mucous membranes
(ID/coagulase rxn/ other characteristics for ID)

A

ID : Staph epidermidis
[catalase positive (Staph), colonies small and paper white, no hemolysis]
catalase negative
Iatriogenic

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15
Q

Define Iatrogenic

A

relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

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16
Q

What is the name of this test? Which result is positive?
Identify each of the organisms shown

A

CAMP test
A - positive result; Strep agalactiae
B - some other Beta hemolytic strep that is not strep Ag
C - Staph Aureus

17
Q

Colony morphology of this catalase negative GPC isolated from an equine lymph node
(give identity and pathogenicity)

A

ID : Streptococcus equi / Beta strep
(catalase neg=streptococcus, hemolysis = beta)
Based on history : lymph node from equine -> streptococcus equi causing Equine strangles
Pathogenicity : yes/pathogenic; there should not be bacteria in a lymph node

18
Q

What is the name of this test?
Which tube is positive?
Which organisms can be ID’d by this test?

A

Coagulase test
Tube A = clot formation
Staph Aureus / Pseudintermedius

19
Q

What are the results of this fecal smear?

A

4+ clostridium

20
Q

What are the results of this ear smear?

A

4+GCP(Diplo, cluster)(Staph A/P or Beta Strep)
4+GNR(Ecoli, Proteus, Pseudomonas)
2+GPR(Corynebacterium)
WBCs

21
Q

How is the Kirby-Bauer disk method used to test Antimicrobial Susceptibility?

A

The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method produces a Zone of Inhibition that is measured and compared to a standard chart

Results reported as resistant, intermediate, susceptible interpretation

22
Q

What are the disadvantages and possible sources of error with Kirby-Bauer tests?

A

Dis : does not provide a MIC value, only provides estimate of susceptibility, does not imply antimicrobial effectiveness
Err : Old culture, wrong or expired disks, improper disk placement, poor streaking technique/uneven lawn of growth, non-standardized bacterial suspension, using a direct testing technique, error in measurements, error in chart interpretation

23
Q

What is this dermatophyte?

A

M. gypseum

24
Q

What type of infections do dermatophytes cause?

A

Superficial infections of Hair/skin/nails

25
Q

What type of specimen would you obtain for culture

of dermatophytes

A

Scale, skin scrapings, plucked or scraped hairs

26
Q

What color does DTM change to if a dermatophyte is present?

A

Red

27
Q

What is the name of the large spiny walled structures that you are looking for microscopically when identifying a dermatophyte

A

Microconidia

28
Q

What stain(s) used when making a tape prep

A

Lactophenol cotton blue, Mycoperm stain, New methylene blue, blue from Diff quick or Sedi-stain can be used

29
Q

Identify this yeast from a mass under the soft palate of an 8-year old cat
(cat lives in Ohio with an unknown travel history)

A

Cryptococcus
(location clue - soft palate is near nasal passages/ nasopharynx)
* small encapsulated yeast

30
Q

Identify this small yeast identified from a prescapular lymph node from a 4 year old dog with anorexia and diarrhea
(can be seen most prominently inside WBCs)

A
31
Q

Identify the yeast isolated from a crop mycotic infection
(It typically causes infections of mucous membranes such as “oral thrush” in animals as well as humans)

A

Candida

32
Q

List predisposing factors that may lead to yeast infections

A

Antimicrobial therapy
Host immune suppression (pathologic or pharmacologic)

33
Q

A dog acquires a respiratory infection with the organism seen here.
ID this organism and route of transmission?

A

ID: Blastomyces (broad based budding yeast)
Transmission : inhalation through respiratory tract from infected bat feces/environment or penetration of wounds/inculation of wounds
* another dimophic fungal organism with a regional distribution
* travel history is important to distinguish fungal disease

VET - ClinPath2 (10 decks)

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