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VET - ClinPath2 > UrinalysisStudyMate > Flashcards

UrinalysisStudyMate Flashcards

1
Q

collects and eliminates waste from the body

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

Comprises the urinary system

A

Two kidneys, two ureters, one urethra, and one urinary bladder

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3
Q

This animal has a heart-shaped right kidney

A

Horse

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4
Q

The location of the kidneys in the body in most animals

A

Dorsal aspect of the abdomen, cranial to the lumbar vertebra

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5
Q

Species that has a lobulated appearance to the kidneys

A

Cow

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6
Q

portion of the kidney where vessels, nerves, and ureters enter and exit

A

Hilus

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7
Q

The most functional part of the kidney

A

Nephron

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8
Q

filters a portion of the plasma and eliminates its wastes

A

Glomerulus

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9
Q

The condition where the nephrons have reached the maximum limit for resorption

A

Renal threshold

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10
Q

The name for fluid in the nephron once it reaches the collecting tubules

A

Urine

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11
Q

structure that urine passes from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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12
Q

structure that enters the urinary bladder from the kidneys

A

Ureters

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13
Q

The muscular sac that stores urine and releases it periodically by the process of urination

A

Urinary bladder

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14
Q

These are activated to trigger the contraction of the smooth muscles in the bladder wall When the urinary bladder enlarges and reaches a certain point

A

Stretch receptors

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15
Q

The structure that leads from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

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16
Q

Releases the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Posterior pituitary gland

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17
Q

Releases the hormone aldosterone

A

Adrenal cortex

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18
Q

The location where Antidiuretic hormone acts to promote reabsorption of water

A

Collecting tubules

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19
Q

Decrease in urination

A

Oliguria

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20
Q

Increase urine production

A

Polyuria

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21
Q

Inability to urinate

A

Anuria

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22
Q

Hormones involved in the regulation of urine volume

A

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

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23
Q

Cells that line the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional epithelial cells

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24
Q

Contaminates free catch samples

A

Squamous epithelial cells

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25
Q

method to stimulate urination in sheep

A

Occluding the nostrils

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26
Q

method to stimulate urination in cows

A

Gently rubbing dry hay ventral to the vulva in a circular manner

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27
Q

method to stimulate urination in horses

A

Rubbing a warm, wet cloth on the ventral abdomen

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28
Q

Preferred method of collection for bacterial culture

A

Cystocentesis

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29
Q

Preferred needle size and syringe size to perform cystocentesis.

A

20- or 22-gauge needle and 10-mL syringe

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30
Q

The direction of the needle in the caudal abdomen for a cystocentesis

A

Dorsocaudally

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31
Q

Location to insert the needle for cystocentesis collection in a male dog

A

Caudal to the umbilicus and to the side of the sheath

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32
Q

Procedure for obtaining a quantitative urine sample on a dog

A

Catheterization for 24 hours

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33
Q

The best time frame to analyze the sample to ensure accurate results

A

Within 30 minutes to 1 hour

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34
Q

An artifact that may occur in a refrigerated urine sample

A

Crystal formation

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35
Q

May occur if a urine sample is kept at room temperature for an extended length of time

A

Increased turbidity

36
Q

Must be done to a refrigerated urine sample before analyzing the sample

A

Warm gently before analysis.

37
Q

recommended preservative to add to a urine sample prior to shipping

A

40% Formalin

38
Q

The best sample for urinalysis

A

Morning sample or after several hours without water

39
Q

The term for increased frequency of urination

A

Pollakiuria

40
Q

The term for increased production of urination?

A

Polyuria

41
Q

Normal urine output for adult dogs and cats

A

20 to 40 mL/kg body weight

42
Q

The term for increased water consumption?

A

Polydipsia

43
Q

Disease associated with this polyuria and polydipsia

A

Diabetes mellitus

44
Q

Characteristics expected in urine from a patient with oliguria

A

Dark yellow color, high specific gravity

45
Q

The color of a normal urine sample

A

Light yellow to amber

46
Q

Pigments that give urine color

A

Urochromes

47
Q

The presence of red blood cells in urine

A

Hematuria

48
Q

The presence of hemoglobin in urine

A

Hemoglobinuria

49
Q

Urine that is brown and excreted during conditions that cause muscle cell lysis

A

Myoglobinuria

50
Q

The normal transparency of Equine urine

A

Cloudy due to Calcium carbonate crystals and mucous

51
Q

The normal appearance of Rabbit or Hamster urine

A

Milky

52
Q

Another term that refers to turbid urine

A

Flocculent

53
Q

A urine sample has a fruity or sweet smell to it

A

Ketones

54
Q

Can cause an ammonia-like smell to urine

A

Urease

55
Q

The smell of a sample that is left at room temperature for an extended period of time

A

An ammonia-like smell

56
Q

The weight of a liquid compared with that of distilled water

A

Specific gravity

57
Q

gives information on the hydration status of an animal

A

Specific gravity

58
Q

helps to detect the ability of the kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine

A

Specific gravity

59
Q

The specific gravity of distilled water

A

1.000

60
Q

The correct amount of time that a urine sample should be centrifuged

A

5 to 6 minutes

61
Q

The correct setting for the centrifuge rpms for a urine sample

A

1000 to 2000 rpms

62
Q

the substance that should be poured off after a urine sample is centrifuged

A

Supernatant

63
Q

Th amount of supernatant to be left in the tube to be resuspended

A

0.5 to 1 mL

64
Q

Can cause a greenish hue to a urine sample

A

Bile pigment

65
Q

The species that could be expected to have a large amount of sediment in the urine

A

Equine

66
Q

normally have a large amount of calcium carbonate crystals in the urine

A

Horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, goats

67
Q

The test system that allows for standardization of initial sample volumes and distribution of elements on the slide

A

Kova

68
Q

A red blood cell seen in a urine sample that is concentrated

A

Crenated

69
Q

An acceptable number of red blood cells in normal urine sediment

A

2 to 3 RBCs per hpf

70
Q

The number of white blood cells that can be present in a normal urine sample

A

0 to 1 per hpf

71
Q

The term for excessive white blood cells in urine

A

Pyuria

72
Q

The type of cell that is usually round,larger than white blood cells, and can indicate cystitis

A

Transitional epithelial

73
Q

The most common type of cast found in animal urine

A

Granular

74
Q

A type of cast that might be seen in the urine of dog with diabetes mellitus

A

Fatty

75
Q

Type of crystal seen with antifreeze poisoning

A

Calcium oxalate

76
Q

Type of crystal often described as looking like a coffin lid

A

Struvite

77
Q

Type of crystal common in an animal with severe liver disease

A

Ammonium biurate

78
Q

Can rise to a plane just below the coverslip and be in a different plane of focus

A

Fat droplets

79
Q

Absence of urine formation and excretion

A

Anuria

80
Q

The presence of crystals in the urine

A

Crystalluria

81
Q

A wide homogenous cast that indicates end-stage renal disease

A

Waxy Cast

82
Q

Located in the ureters, urinary bladder, proximal urethra

A

Transitional epithelial cells

83
Q

A rhomboid shaped crystal seen in Dalmatians and Bulldogs

A

Uric acid

84
Q

The smallest epithelial cell seen in urine that originates in the renal tubules

A

Renal epithelial cell

85
Q

A specific gravity that is similar to that of the glomerular filtrate

A

Isosthenuria

VET - ClinPath2 (10 decks)

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