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BIO 120 > CP 6 Photosynthesis > Flashcards

CP 6 Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the spectrum of visible light

A

400nm-700nm

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2
Q

light behaves like a ___ and like _______ of energy (photons)

A

wave, particles

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3
Q

TF short wavelengths = low energy, long wavelengths = high energy

A

F, the opposite

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4
Q

how does light interact with matter

A

it can:
- reflect off
- transmit through
- absorbed by

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5
Q

to be used as energy, light must be ____

A

absorbed

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6
Q

how is light absorbed

A
  • Energy of photon is transferred to
    an electron within a molecule
  • Energy transfer switches electron
    from grounded state to excited
    state
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7
Q

what is a pigment

A

molecules that absorb
photons of specific wavelengths

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8
Q

if in object it red it means that red is ___ and the other colours are ___

A

reflected, absorbed

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9
Q

what is an autotroph

A

Organisms that make required organic molecs from inorganic sources such as CO2 and water

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10
Q

what is a photoautotroph

A

Autotrophs that use light as the energy source to make organic molecules by photosynthesis

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11
Q

what is a heterotroph

A

Consumers and decomposers, which need source of organic molecules to survive

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12
Q

TF photosynthesis is a formation reaction

A

F, its Redox

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13
Q

what are the 2 stages of photosynthesis

A

Light reactions
Calvin Cycle

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14
Q

what is the light reactions step in photosynthesis

A
  • ## Pigment molecules capture light energy and its used to synthesize both ATP and NADPH
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15
Q

what is the calvin cycle step in photosynthesis

A

NADPH and ATP used to fix CO2 into carbohydrates (glucose)

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16
Q

what is the aqueous environment of a chloroplast called

A

stroma

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17
Q

what is granum/granum

A

stacks of thylakoids

18
Q

what 3 things eventually happen to an excited electron

A
  • returns to its ground state, releasing energy as heat or as light
  • Energy from excited electron in one pigment molecule is transferred to a neighboring pigment molec
  • Excited-state electron itself is transferred to nearby electron-accepting molecule
19
Q

what do carotenoids and chlorophylls do when absorbing light

A

act in combination, drives
reactions of photosynthesis

20
Q

what is the main feature of the photosystem

A

Pigments bound precisely in thylakoid
membrane to specific proteins

21
Q

what is a photosystem

A

Large antenna complex (light harvesting
complex) of pigments that surrounds reaction
centre

22
Q

how does a photosystem work

A
  • Acts as light funnel to chlorophyll A
  • Moves it from 1 pigment molec to another
  • Then gives an electron to the electron transport carriers to oxidize chlorophyll A
23
Q

what is the difference in absorbtion between photosystem 1 and 2

A
  • PS2 absorption max = 680nm
  • PS1 absorption max = 700nm
24
Q

what do PS1 and PS2 have in common

A

both have specialized chlorophyll A in reaction centre

25
Q

what are the steps in the photosynthetic electron transport path

A
  • PS2 –> cytochrome complex (plastoquinone)
  • cytochrome –> PS1 (plastocyanin)
  • PS1 –> NADP+ (ferredoxin Stroma side)
  • NADP+ –> reduced to NADPH
  • PS1 reduced to ground state
  • PS2 reduced to ground state
26
Q

what carrier is used to get the product of PS2 to the cytochrome complex

A

plastoquinone

27
Q

what carrier is used to get the product of the cytochrome complex to the PS1

A

plastocyanin

28
Q

what carrier is used to get the product of PS1 to the NADP+

A

Ferredoxin stroma side

29
Q

who is the final electron acceptor in the Photosynthetic Electron Transport path

A

NADP+

30
Q

how does PS2 return to ground state

A

using H2O

31
Q

how does PS1 return to ground state

A

using electrons from PS2

32
Q

how is ATP produced after electrons go thru the electron transport path (Chemiosmotic Synthesis of ATP)

A

Hydrogens that were released from the PS2 and the plastoquinone are taken by the ATP synthase molec at the end of the chain and produces the ATP

33
Q

how does the cyclic electron transport cycle work

A
  • Ferrodoxin donates electrons to plastoquinone (PQ)
  • Redox of PQ and PQ pool keeps moving protons across thylakoid membrane without involvement of photosystem 2
34
Q

what are the 3 steps to the calvin cycle

A
  • Fixation
  • Reduction
  • Regeneration
35
Q

what is fixation in the calvin cycle

A

CO2 added to RuBP to produce 6 PGA molecule

36
Q

what is reduction in the calvin cycle

A
  • NADPH and ATP are used to convert 6 PGA into 6 G3P (higher energy molecule used to build sugar)
  • 1 GP3 released, other 5 move to next step
37
Q

what is regeneration in the calvin cycle

A

Remaining 5x G3P molecules are used
to recreate RuBP

38
Q

what is RuBisCo

A
  • most abundant protein on earth
  • provides organic carbon for earths oraganisms
39
Q

whats the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A
  • Photosynthesis = ATP produced via light energy (photophosphorylation) and used to make organic molecules
  • Cell respiration = ATP produced by breaking down organic molecules (oxidative phosphorylation)
40
Q

what is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A

Photosynthesis and cell respiration are in many respects the reverse of one another

41
Q

Photosynthesis is an _____process
Cell respiration is a _____process

A

anabolic
catabolic

42
Q
A

BIO 120 (10 decks)

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