CP #3 Cellular and Molecular Biology Flashcards
What is a “Active Transport?”
Transport requiring energy output from the cell.
What is a “Passive Transport?”
Substances freely pass across the membrane without the cell expending any energy.
What is a “Diffusion?”
When a molecules and ions flow through the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
When the water concentration is = inside and outside the cell it is called ____.
Isosmotic or Isotonic
Facilitated Diffusion is?
Allows for the transfer of substances across the cell membrane with the help of specialized proteins.
What is a “Endocytosis?”
Process whereby large molecules are taken up into a pocket of membrane. The pocket pinches off, delivering the molecules, still inside a membrane sack, into the cytoplasm. This process is used with While Blood Cells.
What is a “Exocytosis?”
Is the reverse process of “Endocytosis” exporting substances from the cell.
What is a “Exocytosis?”
Is the reverse process of “Endocytosis” exporting substances from the cell.
What is a “Microvilli?”
Are projections of the cell extending from the cell membrane. (Used for absorption)
What is a “endoplasmic reticulum?”
It is a large organization of folded membranes, that are responsible for the delivery of lipids and proteins to certain areas within the cytoplasm.
What is a “endoplasmic reticulum?”
It is a large organization of folded membranes, that are responsible for the delivery of lipids and proteins to certain areas within the cytoplasm.
What is a “Lysosomes?”
Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes. They break down unused material within the cell.
What does a “Cofactor” do?
The cofactor binds to the active site
What is a “Cellular metabolism?”
General term which includes all types of energy transformation processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, growth, movement, etc.
What is a “Cellular metabolism?”
General term which includes all types of energy transformation processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, growth, movement, etc.
What is a “Anabolism?”
The process whereby cells build molecules and store energy in the form of (Chemical Bonds)
What is a “Catabolism?”
It is the process of breaking down molecules and relaxing stored energy.
What is a “Chlorophyll?”
A substance that absorbs light energy.
What is a “Chlorophyll?”
A substance that absorbs light energy.
What is a “Glycolysis?”
The breaking down of glucose into smaller carbon-congaing molecules (these breakdown reactions yield ATP)
What is a “Respiration?”
The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.
What is a “Respiration?”
The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.
What is the “Electron transport chain?”
It captures the energy released by the Krebs cycle.
When there is no Oxygen in the process it is called ___?
Anaerobic respiration or Fermentation
When there is no Oxygen in the process it is called ___?
Anaerobic respiration or Fermentation
What is a “Structural Genes?”
It codes proteins that form organs and structural characteristics.
What is a “Regulatory Genes?”
They determine functional or physiological events, such as growth.
What is a “Restriction Enzyme?”
They cut sections of DNA molecules by cleaning the sugar-phosphate backbone at a particular nucleotide sequence. ( used by bacteria and act to destroy foreign DNA)
