CP #3 Cellular and Molecular Biology

Question 1

What is a “Active Transport?”

Answer 1

Transport requiring energy output from the cell.

Question 2

What is a “Passive Transport?”

Answer 2

Substances freely pass across the membrane without the cell expending any energy.

Question 3

What is a “Diffusion?”

Answer 3

When a molecules and ions flow through the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 4

When the water concentration is = inside and outside the cell it is called ____.

Answer 4

Isosmotic or Isotonic

Question 5

Facilitated Diffusion is?

Answer 5

Allows for the transfer of substances across the cell membrane with the help of specialized proteins.

Question 6

What is a “Endocytosis?”

Answer 6

Process whereby large molecules are taken up into a pocket of membrane. The pocket pinches off, delivering the molecules, still inside a membrane sack, into the cytoplasm. This process is used with While Blood Cells.

Question 7

What is a “Exocytosis?”

Answer 7

Is the reverse process of “Endocytosis” exporting substances from the cell.

Question 8

What is a “Exocytosis?”

Answer 8

Is the reverse process of “Endocytosis” exporting substances from the cell.

Question 9

What is a “Microvilli?”

Answer 9

Are projections of the cell extending from the cell membrane. (Used for absorption)

Question 10

What is a “endoplasmic reticulum?”

Answer 10

It is a large organization of folded membranes, that are responsible for the delivery of lipids and proteins to certain areas within the cytoplasm.

Question 11

What is a “endoplasmic reticulum?”

Answer 11

It is a large organization of folded membranes, that are responsible for the delivery of lipids and proteins to certain areas within the cytoplasm.

Question 12

What is a “Lysosomes?”

Answer 12

Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes. They break down unused material within the cell.

Question 13

What does a “Cofactor” do?

Answer 13

The cofactor binds to the active site

Question 14

What is a “Cellular metabolism?”

Answer 14

General term which includes all types of energy transformation processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, growth, movement, etc.

Question 15

What is a “Cellular metabolism?”

Answer 15

General term which includes all types of energy transformation processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, growth, movement, etc.

Question 16

What is a “Anabolism?”

Answer 16

The process whereby cells build molecules and store energy in the form of (Chemical Bonds)

Question 17

What is a “Catabolism?”

Answer 17

It is the process of breaking down molecules and relaxing stored energy.

Question 18

What is a “Chlorophyll?”

Answer 18

A substance that absorbs light energy.

Question 19

What is a “Chlorophyll?”

Answer 19

A substance that absorbs light energy.

Question 20

What is a “Glycolysis?”

Answer 20

The breaking down of glucose into smaller carbon-congaing molecules (these breakdown reactions yield ATP)

Question 21

What is a “Respiration?”

Answer 21

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.

Question 22

What is a “Respiration?”

Answer 22

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.

Question 23

What is the “Electron transport chain?”

Answer 23

It captures the energy released by the Krebs cycle.

Question 24

When there is no Oxygen in the process it is called ___?

Answer 24

Anaerobic respiration or Fermentation

Question 25

When there is no Oxygen in the process it is called ___?

Answer 25

Anaerobic respiration or Fermentation

Question 26

What is a “Structural Genes?”

Answer 26

It codes proteins that form organs and structural characteristics.

Question 27

What is a “Regulatory Genes?”

Answer 27

They determine functional or physiological events, such as growth.

Question 28

What is a “Restriction Enzyme?”

Answer 28

They cut sections of DNA molecules by cleaning the sugar-phosphate backbone at a particular nucleotide sequence. ( used by bacteria and act to destroy foreign DNA)