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DPT Semester 1 > CP 1 > Flashcards

CP 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 key fundamental of progressive mobility

A

1). dependence to independence 2). as much as possible, as normally as possible 3). control centrally, direct distally 4). stability to mobility

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2
Q

Types of Loads

A

Tension, compression, distraction, shear, bending, torsion, combined

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3
Q

define base of support

A

contact area of an object with its supporting surface

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4
Q

define static stability

A

property of maintaining and controlling the body’s orientation in space, usually by keeping the COM within the BOS

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5
Q

define stabilization

A

ability to hold one attachment site while allowing the other attachment sit to move

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6
Q

what is controlled mobility?

A

occurs when the COM intentionally moves beyond the BOS and then back within the BOS

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7
Q

what moves in an open kinetic chain movement?

A

distal segment

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8
Q

what move in a closed kinetic chain movement

A

proximal segment

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9
Q

what spinous process can be felt at the level of the scapular spine?

A

T3

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10
Q

what spinous process can be felt at the level of the inferior angle of scapula?

A

T7

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11
Q

where would you find T12?

A

bottom of rib cage

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12
Q

where would you find L4?

A

level to iliac crest

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13
Q

where would you find S2?

A

at the level of the PSIS

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14
Q

Draping provides ______

A

1). access to areas of the body for exam and trx 2). protection of pt’s modesty and dignity 3). pt comfort and warmth 4). protection of vulnerable sites 5). protection of pt’s clothing

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15
Q

goals of short-term pt positioning

A

safety, comfort, therapist access

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16
Q

things to consider for short-term pt positioning

A

primary (ideal position) vs alternative, normal spinal curves

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17
Q

supine positioning considerations

A

neck position, pillow under knees, arms folded across chest

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18
Q

prone positioning considerations

A

support head and neck, pillow under belly and ankle

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19
Q

side lying considerations

A

head/neck position, hips (place pillow under side), bend knees (place pillow/towel between)

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20
Q

short-term sitting considerations

A

feet and knee position (consider bolster), arm position,

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21
Q

Long-term pt positioning goals/considerations

A

safety (open airways/falls) prevention (ulcers/contractures etc.), comfort (spine alignment/pressure)

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22
Q

preventing pressure ulcers

A

reposition pt, max of 2 hrs in 1 position in bed, max of 15 min in one position while seated

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23
Q

preventing contractures

A

reposition frequently, flexion contractures are most common, avoid positions of comfort

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24
Q

long-term positioning checklist (1-5)

A

1). clear airway 2). good spinal alignment 3). minimized pressure over bony prominences 4). minimized gravity creating shearing forces 5). cushioned support surfaces

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25
Q

long term positioning checklist (5-10)

A

6). immobile extremities elevated 7). joint and soft-tissue contractures prevented 8). trunk and extremities supported and stabilized 9). positioned to optimize interaction with environment 10). special needs accommodated

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26
Q

long-term positioning sitting guidelines

A

approximate 90 degrees (for hip, knee and ankle), avoid sacral sitting, support arms

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27
Q

Assistance levels

A

1). Independent (I) 2). Supervision 3). close guarding (stand-by assist) 4). Contact guarding 5). minimum assistance 6). moderate assistance 7). maximum assistance 8). dependent

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28
Q

difference between close guarding and contact guarding?

A

close guarding (hands raised but not touching pt) contact guarding (hands on, not giving any assistance)

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29
Q

Weight bearing status

A

1). full weight bearing (FWB) 2). Partial weight bearing (PWB) 3). Toe-touch weight bearing (TTWB) 4). Non-weight bearing (NWB)

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30
Q

which weight bearing status is utilized only for balance assistance?

A

toe-touch/touch down weight bearing

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31
Q

Elements of bed mobility

A

1). scooting up and down 2). scooting sideways 3). rolling: supine to side lying 4). supine to sit 5). scooting in sitting

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32
Q

things to remember when providing assistance in bed mobility

A

1). maintain good body mechanics 2). use bed height to your advantage 3). utilize draw sheet 4). direct distally, control centrally

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33
Q

Lateral sheet transfer

A

move a dependent pt form one bed to another while laying down

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34
Q

vertical lift

A

quickly transfer an unconscious pt from wheelchair to bed

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35
Q

pivot transfer

A

squat pivot and stand pivot

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36
Q

squat piot

A

pt often requires higher level of assist, doesn’t achieve fully extended position, complete in one motion

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37
Q

stand pivot

A

pt often requires less assistance, achieves full extension, standing allows for a pause mid-transfer

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38
Q

why would you utilize a transfer board?

A

easier on clinician, teaches pt how to be more independent

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39
Q

what are the 4 internationally recognized vital signs?

A

HR, BP, respiratory rate, temperature

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40
Q

other vital measures

A

pain, pulse oximetry, PRE

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41
Q

what HR is considered tachycardic?

A

>110 bpm

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42
Q

what HR is considered bradycardic?

A

<60 bpm

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43
Q

difference between sign and symptom?

A

sign - objectivesymptom - subjective

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44
Q

HR after a long rest

A

basal HR

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45
Q

HR while sitting still/relaxing

A

resting HR

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46
Q

HR during an intervention

A

periactivity HR

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47
Q

HR 1-3 minutes following intervention

A

Recovery pulse rate

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48
Q

what is patency?

A

presence of a pulse, indicates blood is getting to where it needs to

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49
Q

other signs of poor patency?

A

loss of hair, dry/flaky skin, muscle atrophy, skin temperature changes, blanching

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50
Q

what is Peripheral arterial disease?

A

intermittent claudication especially in lower extremities with activity

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51
Q

how to measure peripheral arterial disease?

A

w/Doppler or Ankle-brachial index

52
Q

Pulse Quality grade scale

A

0 = absent1 = thready2 = weak 3 = normal 4 = bounding

53
Q

T/F: younger individuals have higher HRs?

A

TRUE

54
Q

Methods of determining HR?

A

Manual palpation, auscultation, Doppler measurement, pulse oximeter, ECG

55
Q

what is the purpose of taking BP?

A

determine vascular resistance to blood flow, determine effectiveness of cardiac muscle in pumping blood to overcome vascular resistance

56
Q

T/F: younger individuals have higher blood pressure?

A

FALSE

57
Q

how long should you wait between taking BP?

A

at least a minute

58
Q

a high BP reading along with what signs/symptoms could warrant a medical referral?

A

headache, dizziness, flushed face, spontaneous epistaxis, vision changes, nocturnal urinary frequency

59
Q

orthostatic hypotension would be interpreted with either _____

A

drop > 20 mmHg systolic drop >10 mmHg diastolic

60
Q

what score on the ABI score would indicate peripheral arterial disease?

A

0.90 or less

61
Q

what ABI score would also be an abnormal finding?

A

>1.50, may be due to diabetes and calcified arteries

62
Q

pulse pressure equation

A

systolic - diastolic

63
Q

normal RR for adults

A

12-20 breaths/min

64
Q

respiration rating scales

A

Borg, ATS Dyspnea Scale

65
Q

factors that can affect temperature

A

Time of day, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, aging, season (controversial), physical fitness, shift work, meals, alcohol

66
Q

normal range for pulse oximetry?

A

>94%

67
Q

severe hypoxia pulse oximetry reading

A

<85%

68
Q

what is the difference between acessibility and universal design?

A

accessibility - relative to individual’s level of function,

universal design - relative to population

69
Q

evironmental examination purpose

A

identify design barriers that compromise performance of tasks. Determine patient’s safety and level of function within the environment

70
Q

areas of environmental intervention strategies

A
  1. assistive or adaptive devices
  2. safey devices
  3. structural adapations
  4. modification or altered location of environmental objects
  5. task modification
71
Q

methods of examination

A
  1. patient interview
  2. self-report instruments
  3. visual depictions
  4. on-site visit
72
Q

exterior inspection sites

A
  1. surfaces
  2. steps
  3. handrails
  4. ramps
73
Q

standards for steps measurements

A

≤ 7 inches high and ≥11 inches deep

74
Q

ratio for ramps

A

1:12 rise to run (1:20 if inclement weather will affect surface)

75
Q

what to assess at entrances

A
  1. platform
  2. opening mechanisms
  3. threshold
  4. width of entrance
  5. kick plate
76
Q

what should the width of a doorway/entrance be?

A

32-34”, greater if accommodating a bariatric wheelchair

77
Q

which ROM measurement is the most functional?

A

AROM

78
Q

which ROM measurement will allow us to assess end-feel?

A

PROM

79
Q

Normal End Feels

A
  1. Soft = soft tissue approximation
  2. Firm (capsular) = muscular/capsular/ligamentous stretch (ex MCP joint)
  3. Hard (bony) = bone on bone (ex. elbow)
80
Q

abnormal end feels

A
  1. Empty – pain limited, no restriction
  2. Springy – indicated that a loose body is limiting the ROM. Feels “bouncy” like you are compressing a spring
  3. Soft – occurs in joints normally firm or hard
  4. Firm – occurs in joints normally soft or hard
  5. Hard – occurs in joints normally soft or firm
81
Q

what would indicate an abnormal end feel for a joint?

A

it occurs earlier or later than expected for that joint

82
Q

capsular patterns for restricted PROM

A
  1. GH –> loss of ER then ABD then IR
  2. Hip joint –> loss of IR and flexion then ABD then EXT
  3. Knee joint –> loss of flexion then EXT
83
Q

causes for hypermobility at a joint

A
  1. Trauma to joint
  2. Hereditary disorders of connective tissue
  3. Down syndrome
  4. Benign hypermobility syndrome (HMS or BJHS)
  5. Beighton Hypermobility Score
84
Q

define kinematics

A

study of motion without regard to the forces that create the motion

85
Q

define arthrokinematics

A

movement of joint surfaces

86
Q

types of arthrokinematic movements

A
  1. Slide (glide) – translator motion (braked wheel skidding)
  2. Spin – rotary motion where all points rotate around a fixed axis (lightbulb in socket)
  3. Roll – rotary motion where axis moves with the rotation (tire on road, rocking chair)
87
Q

T/F: Roll and Slide/Glide occur together creating angular motion for most joints

A

TRUE

88
Q

what is the Convex/Concave Rule?

A
  1. Convex on concave – slide opposite roll/bone motion
  2. Concave on convex – slide same as roll/bone motion
89
Q

define osteokinematics

A

gross movements of the shaft of the bones –> motions that occur within planes

90
Q

define degrees of freedom

A

the number of planes a joint can move in

91
Q

testing position guidelines for gonimetric measurements

A
  1. Allow stabilization of proximal segment
  2. Permit the complete ROM
  3. Allow for the joint to be placed in a starting position at 0 degrees
92
Q

Mean ROM for shoulder complex

A
  1. FL – 1800
  2. EX – 600
  3. Abduction – 1800
  4. IR – 70-900
  5. ER – 900
93
Q

Mean ROM for Glenohumeral

A
  1. FL – 1150
  2. EX – 200
  3. Abduction – 120-1250
  4. IR -490
  5. ER – 940
94
Q

Mean ROM for elbow

A
  1. FL – 1500
  2. EX – 00
95
Q

Mean ROM for radioulnar joint

A
  1. Pronation - 800
  2. Supination – 800
96
Q

what are participation restrictions?

A
  1. problems in life roles
  2. ADLs (instrumental), relational activities, work activities, etc.
  3. cooking dinner with family
97
Q

what are ways to make interior floors more accessible?

A
  1. bright colors for uneven areas
  2. pathways between rooms are clear
  3. floor coverings are attached firmly
98
Q

lack of patency should result in what?

A

red flaf - immediate referral to MD

99
Q

3 components of ICF model that affect function?

A
  1. body structure and functions
  2. activity
  3. participation
100
Q

3 principles of note writting

A
  1. accuracy
  2. brevity
  3. clarity
101
Q

central or neuropathic pain is caused or iniatied by

A

a primary lesion or dysfunction of the CNS

102
Q

example of central or neuropathic pain

A

diebetic neuropathy in the foot

103
Q

what movements together create angular motion in most joints

A

roll and glide

104
Q

example of modifying environmental objects

A
  1. moving furniture
  2. removing clutter
  3. disabling a stove
105
Q

The McGill pain questionnaire is best used for _____

A

adult patient who can understand meaning of terms

106
Q

patient can complete 75% of the task

A

minimum assistance

107
Q

if moderate or maximal assitance, gait belts provide ______

A

mechanical advantage in the transfer

108
Q

within the patient-client management model, what is diagnosis?

A

identify impact of a condition on function; categorize impariments

109
Q

what is included in the intial evaluation?

A
  1. History
  2. systems reveiw
  3. tests and measures
  4. evaluation
110
Q

examples of task modification

A
  1. sensory, visual, or auditory cueing
  2. energy conservation
  3. work simplification
111
Q

contact guarding: assitance level

A

therapist is postioned as with close guarding, with hands on patient but not giving any assitance. High probability of patient requiring assistance

112
Q

what are activity limitations?

A
  1. difficulty in executing tasks
  2. ADLs (basic)
  3. functional mobility
  4. learning
  5. walking
  6. the -ing verbs
113
Q

patient-client management model, prognosis

A

predicted optimal level of function AND time to acheive;

includes planned interventions

114
Q

Plan of Care (POC) is what?

A

where the PT selects and documents appropriate interventions & documents goals for PT episode of care

115
Q

patient-client management model, evalutaion

A

clinical judgements based on data collected.

116
Q

2 factors of the ICF model that can affect a health condition

A
  1. environmental factors
  2. personal factors
117
Q

establish testing criteria. Includes measurement of _________

A

level of improvement in impairment

118
Q

what can PTs do for pain?

A

recognize patterns, screen, & refer

119
Q

patient-client management model, outcome

A

measures of intended result,

120
Q

components of the patient-client management model

A
  1. examination
  2. evaluation
  3. diagnosis
  4. prognosis
  5. intervention
  6. outcome
121
Q

patient-client management model, intervention

A

procedures and techniques appropriate to diagnosis to produce change; re-examination to make change

122
Q

examples of safety devices

A
  1. lighting
  2. sensing detectors
  3. alarms
  4. color contrast
  5. labeling
123
Q

2 different respiratory ratings

A
  1. Borg scale breathlessness
  2. ATS dyspnea
124
Q

types of notes

A
  1. initial note
  2. daily note
  3. progress notes/re-evaluation
  4. D/C notes
125
Q

components of patient’s pain history

A

Observation, origin, position, pattern, quality, quantity, radiation, signs/symptoms, trx, visceral symptoms

DPT Semester 1 (12 decks)

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