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DPT Semester 1 > Anatomy Unit 2 cont > Flashcards

Anatomy Unit 2 cont Flashcards

1
Q

superior surface of abdomen

A

diaphragm (domed to 4th intercostals space)

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2
Q

inferior surface of abdomen

A

pelvic inlet (superior pelvic apeture)

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3
Q

anterolateral surface of abdomen

A

muscular wall

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4
Q

posterior surface of abdomen

A

lumber vertebrae

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5
Q

what lines the abdominal cavity?

A

Peritoneum

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6
Q

what is visceral peritoneum?

A

serous membrane covering abdominal organs

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7
Q

what is parietal peritoneum?

A

serous membrane lining cavity

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8
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity?

A

fluid filled space in abdomen

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9
Q

what is the mesentery?

A

continuation of visceral and parietal peritoneum that attaches organ to body wall

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10
Q

what planes create the abdominal quadrants?

A

Transumbilicial plane (S/I halves)

Median plane (R/L halves)

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11
Q

what is in the right upper quadrant?

A

1) . R lobe of liver
2) . gallbladder
3) . Stomach: pylorus
4) . Pancreas head
5) . R kidney

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12
Q

what is in the right lower quadrant?

A

1) . Cecum
2) . Appendix
3) . Most of ileum
4) . R Ovary, Uterine tube
5) . R ureter & spermatic cord

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13
Q

what is in the left upper quadrant?

A

1) . Liver L lobe
2) . spleen
3) . stomach
4) . Jejunum & prox ileum
5) . Pancreas: body and tail

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14
Q

what is in the left lower quadrant?

A

1) . Sigmoid colon
2) . Descending colon: Inf part
3) . L ovary & uterine tube
4) . L ureter & spermatic cord

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15
Q

anterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

xiphoid process

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16
Q

lateral peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

costal cartilage and ribs 5-10

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17
Q

posterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

L1-3 vertebrae and floating ribs

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18
Q

Deep attachment of the diaphragm

A

central tendon

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19
Q

Major organs superior to diaphragm

A

1). pericardium (heart) attached to central tendon 2). R/L pleura (lungs)

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20
Q

Organs inferior to diaphragm

A

1). liver (Ant R side) 2). stomach and spleen (ant L side) 3). kidneys (post)

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21
Q

What muscles pass through the diapgragm?

A

Psoas major (under med arcuate lig) and quadrates lumborum (under lat arcuate lig)

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22
Q

What blood & lymph vessels pass through the diaphragm?

A

1) . descending aorta
2) . Inf vena cava
3) . Sup epigastric arteries and veins
4) . azygous and hemiazygous veins
5) . thoracic duct

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23
Q

How does the descending aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

via the aortic hiatus formed by L/R crus

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24
Q

How does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm?

A

via the caval opening in central tendon

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25
Q

how do the superior epigastric arteries and veins pass through the diaphragm?

A

via sternocostal triangle

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26
Q

how do the azygous and hemiazygous veins along with the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm?

A

via aortic hiatus

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27
Q

what passes through the aortic hiatus?

A

1) . descending aorta
2) . azygous and hemiazygous veins
3) . thoracic duct

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28
Q

how does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

via esophageal hiatus

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29
Q

what nerves pass thru the diaphragm?

A

1) . sympathetic trunk (level of vert column)
2) . A/P vagus (via esophageal hiatus)

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30
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)

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31
Q

vascular supply of superior surface of diaphragm

A

thoracic aorta and internal thoracic artery

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32
Q

vascular supply of inferior surface of diaphragm

A

abdominal aorta

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33
Q

Diaphragm actions

A

inhale - contract

exhale - relax

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34
Q

Layers of anterolateral muscular wall of abdomen

A

1) . skin
2) . Camper fascia
3) . Scarpa fascia
4) . muscles (External, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis)
5) . deep fascia of transverse abdominis
6) . extra-peritoneal fat
7) . parietal peritoneum

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35
Q

External Oblique origin

A

ribs 5-12

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36
Q

External oblique insertion

A

rectus sheath

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37
Q

External oblique innervation

A

spinal nerves T7-12

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38
Q

Internal Oblique origin

A

vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

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39
Q

Internal oblique insertion

A

lower ribs; rectus sheath

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40
Q

Internal oblique innervation

A

spinal nerves T6-T12

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41
Q

Action of Internal and External Oblique

A

Bi: flex at trunk

Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate

Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

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42
Q

Transversus abdominis origin

A

lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

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43
Q

Transversus abdominis insertion

A

rectus sheath

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44
Q

Transversus abdominis innervation

A

spinal nerves T7-T12

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45
Q

Transversus abdominis action

A

Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate

Respiration: compress abdomen to exhale

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46
Q

Rectus abdominis origin

A

pubic symphysis

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47
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion

A

lower ribs; xiphoid

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48
Q

Rectus abdominis innervation

A

spinal nerves T6-T12

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49
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

Bi: flex at trunk

Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

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50
Q

Superior rectus sheath components

A

1) . Skin
2) . Camper’s
3) . Scarpa
4) . External oblique aponeurosis
5) . Internal Oblique aponeurosis
6) . Rectus Abdominus muscle
7) . Internal oblique aponeurosis
8) . Transversus abdominus aponeurosis

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51
Q

Inferior rectus sheath components

A

Ant: formed from ext oblique, int oblique and transverses aponeuroses

Post: no aponeuroses

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52
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

abrupt transition from sup to inf rectus sheath composition; located below umbilicus 1/3 of distance to pelvis

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53
Q

what does the musculophrenic artery supply blood to?

A

anterolateral diagram and abdominal wall near diaphragm

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54
Q

what does the superior epigastric artery supply blood to?

A

anterior abdominal wall

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55
Q

what is the inguinal canal?

A

tubular passage about 4 cm long, through the inferior ant abdominal wall

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56
Q

what does the inguinal canal cross?

A

1) . peritoneum
2) . retroinguinal space of Bogros
3) . transversalis fascia forms covering of the canal contents
4) . transversus abdominal muscle
5) . internal oblique muscle
6) . external oblique muscle

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57
Q

what is found in the inguinal canal?

A

males = spermatic cord

females = round ligament

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58
Q

where is the deep internal inguinal ring?

A

forms an opening in the peritoneum and transversalis fascia called the myopectineal orifice

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59
Q

where is the superficial (external) inguinal ring?

A

forms the opening in the external oblique aponeurosis in to the subcutaneous tissue of the medial pelvis

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60
Q

what does the inguinal canal run parallel to?

A

inguinal ligament and the iliopubic tract

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61
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

A

1) . trapezius
2) . latissimus dorsi
3) . rhomboids
4) . levator scapulae

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62
Q

What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?

A

S/I serratus posterior

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63
Q

where is the serratus posterior superior located?

A

deep to the rhomboids

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64
Q

where is the serratus posterior inferior located?

A

deep to latissimus dorsi

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65
Q

what do the intermediate extrinsic back muscles do?

A

rib cage proprioception (innervated by intercostal nerves)

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66
Q

what is the general action of the intrinsic (deep) back muscles?

A

maintain posture (balance) and extend, ab-/adduct, and rotate the vertebral column

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67
Q

which layer of the intrinsic back muscles is longer?

A

superficial and intermediate layers (span 5-8 segments)

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68
Q

intrinsic back muscles (superficial layer)

A

Splenius (capitis and cervicis)

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69
Q

prox attachment of splenius capitis

A

nuchal ligament

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70
Q

distal attachment of splenius capitis

A

mastoid process

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71
Q

prox attachment of splenius cervicis

A

lower C and upper T spinous processes

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72
Q

distal attachment of splenius cervicis

A

superior cervical transverse process

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73
Q

innervation of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

A

dorsal rami

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74
Q

intrinsic back muscles (intermediate layer)

A

Erector spinae muscles

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75
Q

erector spinae muscles

A

1) . Iliocostalis
2) . Longissimus
3) . Spinalis

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76
Q

all erector spinae have how many parts?

A

3

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77
Q

what are the 3 parts of the Iliocostalis?

A

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

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78
Q

what are the 3 parts of the longissimus?

A

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

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79
Q

what are the 3 parts of the spinalis?

A

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

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80
Q

origin of Iliocostalis

A

pelvis and lumbar spinous processes

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81
Q

insertion of Iliocostalis

A

ribs & lower cervical transverse processes

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82
Q

origin of longissimus

A

vertebral column spinous processes

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83
Q

intrinsic back muscles (deep layer)

A

1) . semispinalis
2) . multifidus
3) . Rotatores

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84
Q

intrinsic back muscles (deep layer) location?

A

“gutter” between spinous and transverse processes

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85
Q

what is the intrinsic deep layer also called?

A

Transversospinalis muscle group

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86
Q

what are the 3 parts of the semispinalis?

A

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

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87
Q

origin of semispinalis

A

lower cervical & thoracic transverse processes

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88
Q

insertion of semispinalis

A

thoracic, cervical spinous processes & occipital/nuchal lines 4-6 segments above origin

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89
Q

3 parts of the multifidus

A

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

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90
Q

where is multifidus largest?

A

lumborum lordotic curve

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91
Q

origin of multifidus

A

pelvis, lumber, thoracic, lower cervical transverse processes

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92
Q

insertion of multifidus

A

spinous process 2-4 segments above origin

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93
Q

where are the rotatores mostly located?

A

thoracic region

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94
Q

rotatores origin

A

transverse process of thoracic vert

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95
Q

rotatores insertion

A

spinous process of lamina 1 (brevis) or 2 (longus) segements above origin

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96
Q

muscles in the minor deep layer

A

1) . Interspinales
2) . Intertransversari cervicis; lumborum
3) . Levatores costarum, thoracicis

97
Q

unique feature of minor deep layer

A

cross 1 intervertebral joint

98
Q

what is the function of the minor deep layer?

A

stabilize vertebral column (posture)

99
Q

Interspinales attachments

A

spinous processes to spinous process

100
Q

Intertransversari attachments

A

transverse process to transverse process

101
Q

Levatores costarum/thoracicis attachment

A

thoracic transverse process -> adjacent rib

102
Q

what is the function of the Levatores costarum:thoracicis?

A

functions in respiration to assist in lifting the rib cage for inspiration

103
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

1) . rectus capitis posterior major
2) . rectus capitis posterior minor
3) . obliquus capitis inferior
4) . Obliquus capitis superior

104
Q

innervation of all suboccipital muscles

A

suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami C1)

105
Q

Rectus capitis post major attachments

A

C2 spinous p -> occipital bone/lateral nuchal line

106
Q

Rectus capitis post min attachments

A

C1/post tubercle of posterior arch -> occipital bone/medial nuchal line

107
Q

Obliquus capitis inf attachments

A

C2/spinous process -> C1 transverse process

108
Q

Obliquus capitis superior attachments

A

C1/transverse process -> occipital bone/lateral nuchal lines

109
Q

Superior/medial boundary of the suboccipital triangle

A

rectus capitis post major

110
Q

Inferolateral boundary of the suboccipital triangle

A

obliquus capitis inf

111
Q

superolateral boundary of the suboccipital triangle

A

obliquus capitis superior

112
Q

Floor of the suboccipital triangle

A

post altanto-occipital membrane

113
Q

Roof of the suboccipital triangle

A

semispinalis capitis

114
Q

Suboccipital triangle contents

A

vertebral artery/vein andsuboccipital nerve

115
Q

Nerves around the suboccipital triangle

A

Cutaneous nerves (greater occipital; lesser occipital; great auricular) dorsal rami of C3-C7

116
Q

layers of protective covering in the spinal cord

A

1) . epidural space
2) . dura mater
3) . arachnoid mater
4) . pia mater

117
Q

what is the epidural space?

A

lipid filled space between wall of vertebral canal and dura mater

118
Q

what is the dura mater layer?

A

CT membrane covering of spinal cord. Runs from foramen magnum to sacral hiatus. Also called dural sac.

119
Q

What is the dural sac?

A

continuous with epineurium, covering dorsal/ventral roots & spinal nerves; and dural covering of the brain

120
Q

what is between the dura mater and arachnoid mater?

A

subdural space/dura-arachnoid interface

121
Q

what is in the subdural space?

A

interstitial fluid

122
Q

what is the arachnoid mater?

A

CT membrane (thinner than dura) covering the spinal cord, roots, and dorsal root ganglion

123
Q

what is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

A

subarachnoid space

124
Q

what is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF and CT traceculae connecting arachnoid and pia maters

125
Q

what is the pia mater?

A

thin, translucent, covering adhering to spinal cord

126
Q

2 components of pia mater in spine

A

1) . denticulate ligaments
2) . filum terminal

127
Q

what are the denticulate ligaments?

A

lateral sheets of pia running from sacrum to foramen magnum, attach laterally to the arachnoid and help hold the spinal cord in place

128
Q

what is the filum terminal?

A

an inferior continuation of pia connecting the conus medullaris to the coccyx

129
Q

length of spinal cord

A

2/3 of vert column. Runs from foramen magnum thru vert canal to level of L1/2 ending in the conus medullaris

130
Q

components of a spinal cord segment

A

dorsal root/dorsal root ganglion and ventral root. These exit the spinal cord then fuse to form proximal spinal nerves

131
Q

where do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

A

intervertebral foramena

132
Q

after spinal nerves exit how do they divide further?

A

distally in to ventral and dorsal rami

133
Q

how many spinal cord segments are there?

A

31 (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal)

134
Q

how many total spinal nerves?

A

62 (all 31 are paired R/L)

135
Q

what is the cauda equina?

A

structure in lumbosacral vertebral canal consisting of roots from lumbosacral spinal cord segments

136
Q

what is the filum terminal?

A

continuation of pia matter attaching the conus meduallaris to the coccyx

137
Q

what are the main arteries supplying the spinal cord?

A

1) . vertebral, subclavian arteries
2) . intercostal arteries
3) . lumbar arteries
4) . lateral sacral arteries

138
Q

segmental branches from the main arteries form what?

A

longitudinal arteries that run anterior and posterior

139
Q

how many posterior spinal arteries are there?

A

2

140
Q

function of pelvic girdle (pelvis)

A

1) . weight bearing linkage between legs and axial skeleton
2) . muscle attachment point
3) .protects organs in pelvic cavity

141
Q

Hip bones

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

142
Q

landmarks on the ilium

A

1) . ala & body
2) . iliac crest
3) . iliac fossa
4) . ASIS and AIIS
5) . PSIS and PIIS
6) . auricular surface
7) . tuberosities
8) . arcuate line

143
Q

function of auricular surface of ilium

A

synovial articulation with sacrum

144
Q

landmarks on the ischium

A

1) . body
2) . ramus of ischium
3) . ischial tuberosity
4) . ischial spine
5) . lesser sciatic notch

145
Q

landmarks on the pubis

A

1) . S/I ramus
2) . body
3) . pubic crest
4) . pubic tubercle
5) . pectin pubis (pectineal line)

146
Q

what are the composite structures in the pelvis?

A

1) . acetabulum
2) . obturator foramen
3) . greater sciatic notch
4) . pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)

147
Q

what forms the acetabulum?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

148
Q

what forms the obturator foramen?

A

ischium and pubis

149
Q

what forms the greater sciatic notch?

A

ilium and ischium

150
Q

T/F: the pelvic brim is different between males and females?

A

TRUE, reflective functional difference due to childbirth

151
Q

what forms the pelvic brim?

A

1) . sacral promontory
2) . arcuate line of ilium
3) . pectineal line of pubis
4) . crest of pubis

152
Q

what forms the pelvic outlet?

A

1) . ischial tuberosities
2) . inferior pubic symphysis
3) . coccyx

153
Q

what are the divisions of the pelvis?

A

1) . greater (false) pelvis
2) . lesser (true) pelvis
3) . perineum

154
Q

what is the greater (false) pelvis?

A

lies above pelvic brim, contains inferior abdominal organs (ileum, sigmoid colon)

155
Q

what is the lesser (true) pelvis?

A

lies between the pelvic brim and pelvic diaphragm and contains pelvic organs (urinary bladder/distal ureters; rectum, genital organs)

156
Q

what is the perineum?

A

not part of the pelvic cavity but consists of soft tissue below the pelvic diaphragm between the base of the thighs

157
Q

what articulates at the sacroiliac joint?

A

sacrum and ilium

158
Q

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

complex joint, both a syndesmosis and synovial joint

159
Q

which portion of the sacroiliac joint is synovial?

A

Anterior - modified planar with interlocking irregular articular surface

160
Q

which portion of the sacroiliac joint is syndesmosis?

A

Posterior - formed by interosseus sacroiliac ligaments

161
Q

what do the interosseus sacroiliac ligaments do?

A

limit the tilt of the pelvis

162
Q

name the sacroiliac ligaments

A

1) . anterior sacroiliac ligament
2) . posterior sacroiliac ligament
3) . sacrotuberous ligament
4) . sacrospinous ligament
5) . iliolumbar ligament

163
Q

anterior sacroiliac ligament function

A

capsule thickening

164
Q

posterior sacroiliac ligament function

A

limits depression of the sacrum (or elevation of the hips) - continuation of interosseus sacroiliac ligaments

165
Q

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament function

A

limit upward rotation of inf sacrum (post tilt of coccyx)

166
Q

what forms the greater sciatic foramen?

A

1) . greater sciatic notch (superior, anterior)
2) . sacrotuberous ligament (posterior)
3) . sacrospinous ligament (inferior)

167
Q

what passes thru the greater sciatic foramen?

A

1) . sciatic nerve
2) . S/I gluteal nerves, arteries, and veins
3) . piriformis muscle

168
Q

what forms the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

1) . lesser sciatic notch (ant, inf)
2) . sacrotuberous ligament (post)
3) . sacrospinous ligament (sup)

169
Q

what movements occur at the sacroiliac joint?

A

limited gliding and rotation act as shock absorber

170
Q

what articulates at the pubic symphysis?

A

pubic bones of R/L hip

171
Q

pubic symphysis joint type

A

cartilaginous disk = symphysis

172
Q

pubic symphysis ligaments

A

S/I pubic ligments

173
Q

what does the inferior pubic ligament form?

A

apex of pubic arch

174
Q

functional joint type of pubic symphysis

A

syn- or amphiarthrosis depending on age

175
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the true pelvis?

A

pubic bones (body and rami) and pubic symphysis

176
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

1) . obturator foramen
2) . obturator membrane
3) . obturator internus muscle
4) . tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle

177
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

1) . sacrum
2) . ilium
3) . posterior sacroiliac joint ligaments
4) . piriformis muscle

178
Q

what forms the floor of the pelvis?

A

pelvic diaphragm

179
Q

pelvic diaphragm role

A

1) . regulate abdominal pressure
2) . supports abdominopelvic organs
3) . functions in micturition, defecation, and respiration

180
Q

what structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?

A

1) . urethra
2) . rectum
3) . vagina
4) . nerves of lumbosacral plexus
5) . branches of internal iliac artery & vein

181
Q

pelvic floor muscles

A

1) . coccygeus muscle
2) . levator ani

182
Q

Coccygeus muscle

A

also called ischeococcgeus - attached sacrum/coccyx to ischial spine

183
Q

Coccygeus muscle prox attachment

A

sacrum/coccyx

184
Q

Coccygeus muscle distal attachment

A

ischial spine

185
Q

Coccygeus muscle action

A

supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure

186
Q

Coccygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

187
Q

Levator ani

A

composite of 3 muscles:

1) . puborectalis
2) . pubococcygeus
3) . iliococcygeus

188
Q

puborectalis prox attachment

A

anococcygeal body (ligament)

189
Q

puborectalis distal attachment

A

pubis

190
Q

puborectalis action

A

supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter

191
Q

puborectalis innervation

A

ventral rami

192
Q

pubococcygeus prox attachment

A

coccyx

193
Q

pubococcygeus distal attachment

A

pubis

194
Q

pubococcygeus action

A

supports pelvic organs’ regulate abdominal pressure

195
Q

pubococcygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

196
Q

iliococcygeus prox attachment

A

coccyx

197
Q

iliococcygeus distal attachment

A

tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body

198
Q

iliococcygeus action

A

supports pelvic organs’ regulate abdominal pressure

199
Q

iliococcygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

200
Q

what is the urogenital hiatus?

A

“V” shaped opening in pelvic diaphragm between puborectalis muscle - from pubis symphysis to perineal body of rectum

201
Q

urogenital hiatus contents

A

peroneal structures including:

1) . deep transverse perineal muscle
2) . external urethral sphincter/compressor urethra
3) . perineal body

202
Q

what is the perineal body?

A

CT running down center of perineum

connects the rectum to prostate/urethra

203
Q

Pelvic vasculature: arteries

A

1) . paired internal iliac
2) . S/I rectal
3) . median sacral
4) . paired ovarian

204
Q

paired internal iliac arteries are branches off of what?

A

common iliac

205
Q

S rectal artery is a branch from what?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

206
Q

median sacral artery is from what?

A

abdominal aorta

207
Q

Venous route in pelvic vasculature

A

organs -> venous plexi -> internal iliac veins -> common iliac veins -> inferior vena cava

208
Q

what is the Lumbosacral plexus?

A

ventral rami L1-S4

209
Q

Sympathetic innervation of pelvic region

A

sympathetic chain ganglia; hypogastric plexus; sacral splanchnic nerves

210
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of pelvic region

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves = ventral rami S2-4

211
Q

what is the role of the ilolumbar ligament?

A

stabilize L5 and holds it to the posterior ilium bone,

212
Q

what is found in the soft tissue of the perineum?

A

external genitalia

213
Q

what shape is the pelvic floor/diaphragm?

A

diamond,

can be further divided into 2 triangles

214
Q

what 2 triangles can the pelvic floor/diaphragm be divided into?

A
  1. urogential (anterior)
  2. anal (posterior)
215
Q

what provides parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic region?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (ventral rami S2-4)

216
Q

what is the central point of the perinum called?

A

perineal body

connects rectum to prostate/urethra

217
Q

Where is the perinal body?

A

Between the urogenital hiatus and the external anal spinchter

218
Q

what are the muscles of the perineum?

A
  1. external anal sphincter
  2. bulbospongiosus
  3. ischocavernosus
  4. superficial transverse perineal muscle
  5. perineal membrane
  6. deep transverse perineal muscle
  7. external urethral sphincter/compressor urethrae
219
Q

What is the origin of the external anal sphincter?

A

coccyx via the anococcyceal ligament

220
Q

insertion of the external anal sphincter?

A

perineal body

221
Q

External anal sphincter action?

A
  1. resists/regulates defecation
  2. supports and fixes perineal body and pelvic floor
222
Q

External anal sphincter innervation

A

inferior anal (rectal) nerve

223
Q

Bulbospongiosus origin to insertion

A

median raphe on ventral surface wraps around the bulb of the penis (in males) and perineal body (in females)

224
Q

Bulbospongiosus main action

A
  1. males = ejaculation
  2. females = maintain erection
225
Q

Ischiocavernosus origin

A

internal surface of ishiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

226
Q

Ischiocavernosus insertion

A

surrounds the crus

227
Q

Ischiocavernosus main action

A

responsible for erection in both males and females

228
Q

Ischiocavernosus innervation

A

Muscular branch of perineal nerve

229
Q

superficial transverse perineal muscle origin

A

internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

230
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscle insertion

A

perineal body

231
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscle action

A

supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor to support abdominopelvic viscera and regulate abdominal pressure

232
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscle innervation

A

muscular branch of perineal nerve

233
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle origin

A

internal surface of ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

234
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle insertion

A

perineal body and external anal sphincter

235
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle action

A

supports and fixes perineal body/pelvic floor to support abdominopelvic viscera and help regulate abdominal pressure

236
Q

deep transverse perineal muscle innervation

A

muscular branch of perineal nerve

237
Q

T/F: the external urethral sphincter/compressor urethrae is skeletal muscle and thus under voluntary control?

A

TRUE, main action is voluntary control of urine flow

238
Q

what is the external urtheral sphincter/compressor urethrae formed by?

A
  1. thickening of the wall – called the external urethral sphincter
  2. sling around the urethrae associated with the thickening called the compressor urethrae – acts like the puborectalis – squeezes the tube

DPT Semester 1 (12 decks)

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