covid ethics Flashcards
does ememrgency > excepxn to moral + ehtical precepts
life or great harm in balance
life + death decisions should be discussed to agree on community vales
ememrnecy decisions can be urgent + unavoidablu rished
bad decisions understandable eg new viurs, ev base weak, panic, organisaxnal failures
wrong axns in ermeergy sometimes understandable (Excusable?)
ethical fraemwork for pandemics
t w concern + respect
minimise harm of andemic
disritbute health resources failry
high level collab
recipricate
keep things in proporxn
beflexibile
make decisions openly , inclusively, accountably, reasounsably
criticisims
policy or sceince lef - tenxns, diff aims, land, mechs for accountability
medicial/minimise harms v economic objectives
diff calculus for democracy
recipricocity can condlict w consumer iterests + value of personnel libertyu
disproportionate burdens
proportionality req recalibraxn afainst risk eg incoluntary quarantining
can human righs perspectice assist us
ethicial tenxns
interests of particiipansts , private + oublic
rpivacy autonomy
avoidance of harm , reciving optimal diag, t , prevenxn
deamnds of sound science to > generalible knowledge
collexn of pptntenitally sensiticie data
limits on autonomoy ( blinfing, randomise
study relates procesures (extra tests, pp costs, controls
int of comm
dec uncertiantiy
impr standard of care for future recipients
respect rights + welfare of all comm members
oversight mechs
manage expectans
intervenxn should be
ev based + proportionate
aim intervensn
+ science values judhments
clearly communicted to public
pep should be t as
mroal equals, worthy of respect
while pep may be asked to scarifiice for public goos , respect duce to ppl should never be forgotten in way interventxns eg quaruantine +s elf isolate implement
cricucual
solidarity
internaxnal, between gov, in support from state for pep pay for intervenxn, by business in how ex coprorate social responsability
indiv elvel - how respond to outbreak in day to day life
…should be min pos concsiitent w achieving aim
coercn + intruxn into lives
principels f justice
distirbutive
formal
material
entitlements, desert
disitibutive justice
fair equitable
#
appropriate disitribun of resources eg qaly
formal
equals treated equally regardless
material
needs based eg clinical need
entitirlements, desert
whats deserved
theories of justice
itilitarian
libertarian
communitarian
egalitarian
itilitarian
criteria to maximilse public + health utility
lilibertarianbe
emphasise rights to sicial + encon liberyy
communitarian
pracitces of justice
come from shared trads in com
egalitarian
equ access to foods in life that every rational eprson values
means of rationinf
are al lives eq
qhose/ which beeds greater
indiv vs community
what criteria det priotiry decixns
no of lives c no years
morbidity v mortaliriy
criteria
age
social usefulness ‘‘moral wortj
1st coe 1st serves
self inflicted ilnes
clinical need
chance of success outocme based (veenefits
no of dependents
qalys
beneficiennce
is it morallu obligatory
moral req aboid undesirable conseq
utility aspect - blance +ve v -ve . condlict w autonpmy + justice
indi v v community +Ve
requests for futile processudres
boundaries to healthcare
should state fund all healthcare
self funding
do courts havea role
role for public engatgemets
datisfactory criteria for det this - think of comsetic surgery =assisted onconcepxn
cocnlusxns ration
needs ethical justificaxnn
decixn ideally explicit + invovle pts
strict adhereence to principles undermins oters - balance only soluxn b l struck
relaxn between lae + helthcare rationing complex + evolving
healthcare provixn must be impartial + flexibile b may never be universally acceptable
qu: not whether to b how to raxn
any settlement of above indl by polciitical + eocnimc culture s
