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Procedures > Cover test > Flashcards

Cover test Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cover test ask?

A

What is the position of rest

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2
Q

What is the cover test?

A

Objective evaluation of a patient’s ocular posture/alignment

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3
Q

What is a phoria?

A

Eyes are aligned under binocular conditions, but misaligned under dissociated conditions

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4
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Retinal disparity input is temporaily removed

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5
Q

What defines phoria?

A

Magnitude and direction

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6
Q

Orthophoria

A

Straight alignment with dissociation, equal tension of EOMs on globe horizontal and vertical

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7
Q

Esophoria

A

Inward alignment with dissociation

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8
Q

Exophoria

A

Outward alignment with dissociation

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9
Q

Hyperphoria

A

Upward alignment with dissociation

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10
Q

Hypophoria

A

Downward alignment with dissociation

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11
Q

What is a tropia?

A

Only one eye is aligned under binocular conditions at least part of the time

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12
Q

What are the defining characteristics of a tropia?

A 
Magnitude 
Frequency 
Laterality
Directionality 
Comitancy
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13
Q

What does the unilateral cover test determine?

A

Presence/absence of tropia
Direction
laterality
Frequency

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14
Q

When do you diagnose a tropia?

A

On the cover stroke

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15
Q

What are the three possibilities if neither eye moves on the uncover stroke?

A

Previously uncovered eye maintains fixation and the covered eye does not fuse
Undetectable small angle re-fusion
Orthophoria

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16
Q

Why would one eye move on the uncover stroke?

A

Regaining of fusion from dissociated position

17
Q

What are the two possibilities if both eyes move on the uncover stroke?

A

Preferred eye is regaining fixation, opposite eye moves due to herring’s law
Preferred eye regains fixation, then fusion movement

18
Q

Why do we do the alternating cover test?

A

To prevent fusion of eyes

19
Q

What does the alternating cover test determine?

A

Magnitude

20
Q

Why do the unilateral before the alternating?

A

If alternating was first, could force the patient to become tropic

21
Q

How do you record a cover test result?

A

Magnitude, frequency, laterality, direction

22
Q

How do you neutralize an exophoria?

A

Base in

23
Q

How do you neutralize an esophoria?

A

Base out

24
Q

How do you neutralize a hyperphoria?

A

Base down

25
Q

How do you neutralize a hypophoria?

A

Base up

26
Q

How do we hold a prism for neutrality?

A

Frontal plane position parallel with the plane of glasses

27
Q

What is the expected normal finding?

A

Ortho or low exo at distance and a mild exophoria at near

28
Q

How does the target move for an exo?

A

In the same direction as the paddle

29
Q

How does the target move for an eso?

A

In the opposite direction of the paddle

30
Q

How does the target move for a hyper?

A

Down

31
Q

How does the target move for a hypo?

A

Up

Procedures (16 decks)

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