Binocularity

Question 1

What are the two main components of binocularity?

Answer 1

Motor function and sensory function

Question 2

What is motor function?

Answer 2

Control and coordination of eye movements to place the image on both foveas for the sensory sytem to interpret

Question 3

What are the two components of motor function?

Answer 3

Maintain bifoveal fixation and prevent blur due to retinal image motion

Question 4

Tonic vergence

Answer 4

Physiological position of the eyes at rest maintained by EOM tone

Question 5

Proximal vergence

Answer 5

Nearness of an object stimulates convergence reflex

Question 6

Accommodative vergence

Answer 6

Convergence driven by accommodation and blur

Question 7

Fusional/disparity vergence

Answer 7

Completes vergence response for fusion or singularity

Question 8

Corresponding retinal points

Answer 8

Pairs of points on the retina that give rise to the same visual direction based on final point on visual pathway

Question 9

Vieth-muller circle

Answer 9

Theoretical circle around the cyclopean eye of all corresponding retinal points

Question 10

Horopter

Answer 10

All points in object space that stimulate corresponding retinal points

Question 11

What is the region of highest relative stereopsis?

Answer 11

Horopter

Question 12

Panum’s fusional area

Answer 12

Slack in front of and behind the horopter that allows us to see a clear single image, non-corresponding retinal points

Question 13

Physiologic dipolopia

Answer 13

Normal, expected diplopia found outside of panum’s fusional area

Question 14

Retinal disparity

Answer 14

Each eye’s slightly different view of the same object due to placement of the head

Question 15

What allows for stereopsis?

Answer 15

Retinal disparity

Question 16

What drives retinal disparity?

Answer 16

Non-corresponding points

Question 17

Crossed disparity

Answer 17

Points from temporal retina stimulate convergence

Object is closer than original point of fixation

Question 18

Uncrossed disparity

Answer 18

Points from nasal retina stimulate divergence

Object is further from original point of fixation

Question 19

Stereopsis

Answer 19

Binocular perception of 3D space based on retinal disparity

Question 20

What is the reason for binocularity?

Answer 20

Stereopsis

Question 21

What is the goal of binocular assessment?

Answer 21

To maintain SCCEBV

Question 22

What is SCCEBV?

Answer 22

Single, Clear, comfortable, effecient binocular vision

Question 23

What are the two categories of binocular dysfunction?

Answer 23

Weak or absent

Question 24

What are weak binocular skills?

Answer 24

Reduced from normal values
Cannot keep up with visual demands of patient
Inadequate to compensate for postural abnormalities

Question 25

What is absent binocular dysfunction?

Answer 25

Patient only uses 1 eye

Question 26

What are the 3 Ds of 3D vision?

Answer 26

Disparity
Drives motor fusion
Depth