Covalent bonding Flashcards
What is covalent bonding?
When two non metal atoms share pairs of electrons and form covalent bonds to gain full outer shells
what can covalently bonded sybstances consist of?
H2, Cl2, N2, HCl, H2O, NH3 and CH4
substances that consist of small molecules are usually gases or liquids that have what?
relatively low melting and boiling points, because the of the weak intermolecular forces between molecules.
as the size of molecules increases, so does what?
the strength of the intermolecular forces
what is a covalent bond?
a shared pair of electrons
advantages of the dot and cross diagram
clear where the elctrons are coming from in each covalent bond
disadvantages of the dot and cross diagram
you can’t see what the shape of the molecule is
advantages of 2D model
you can see the number of shared pairs of electrons (if it’s single, double, triple etc.)
disadvantages of 2D model
you can’t tell where the electron in the bond came from
doesn’t show the electrons which are not in the covalent bond
can’t tell shape of molecule
advantage of 3D model
you can see shape of the molecule
disadvantages of 3D model
can’t tell where the electron in the bond came from
advantages of ball and stick diagram
can see number of shared pairs of electrons
shows shape of molecules
disadvantages of ball and stick diagram
suggests there are spaces between molecules
advantages of space filling model
shows shape of model
shows there is no space between the molecules
disadvantages of space filling model
difficult to show if there are double and triple covalent bond.
