Counseling Theories

Question 1

Client-centered therapy–necessary and sufficient conditions for behavior change

Answer 1

Rogers (1957)

Question 2

Emotion-focused therapy citation

Answer 2

Greenberg (2010), Greenberg, Rice, & Elliot (1993), Greenberg and Paivio (1997)

Question 3

Interpersonal therapies citation

Answer 3

Teyber & McClure (2010)

Question 4

Cognitive Therapies citation

Answer 4

Beck (1995), Beck & Beck, 2011)

Question 5

Emotions can occur through a direct pathway through the amygdala or through a slower pathway mediated by the frontal cortex

Answer 5

LeDoux, 1996

Question 6

Gestalt therapies citation

Answer 6

Hefferline & Goodman, 1951; Dierks, 1956

Question 7

Awareness/Naming the emotion is therapeutic

Answer 7

Lieberman et al., 2004

Question 8

Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) – what’s a citation?

Answer 8

Ellis, 1962, 2005

Question 9

Classic Psychoanalytic therapy (citation?)

Answer 9

Freud, 1917

Question 10

Attachment theory

Answer 10

Bowlby, 1982, 1988

Question 11

Psychosocial Theory

Answer 11

Erikson, 1993

Question 12

6 components distinguish psychodynamic theories from others, what are they?

Answer 12

Shedler (2010)-Focus on affect and expression of emotion (cognitive understanding äŠæ change)-Active exploration of attempts to avoid distressing thoughts/emotions -Identification of recurring themes and patterns-Discussion of past experiences to shed light on present (developmental focus)-Focus on interpersonal problems-Focus on the therapy relationship

Question 13

Is there support for psychoanalytic principles?

Answer 13

Yes, support for concepts of unconscious, defenses (Baumeister, Dale & Sommer, 1998), conflicted feelings/motivations, childhood experiences influencing personality patterns, self-concept (Westen, 1998)

Question 14

CCRT citation

Answer 14

Book, 1998

Question 15

Person-Centered therapy citation

Answer 15

Rogers, 1951, 1957,1959, 1961, 1980

Question 16

The necessary and sufficient conditions for change (6)

Answer 16

(Rogers, 1957)1.Two persons in psychological contact. 2.client = incongruent, vulnerable, anxious3.therapist = congruent & integrated 4.therapist has unconditional positive regard for client. 5.therapist has empathic understanding of client and communicates this to client. 6.therapist can successfully communiciate empathy and unconditional positive regard.

Question 17

Emotion-Focused Therapies

Answer 17

Greenberd & Paivio, 1997

Question 18

Empirical support for psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 18

-Abbass et al. (2006): 23 RCT for short-term (<40 hrs) psychodynamic had effect size of .97 for general symptom improvement. -Westen (1998): support for concepts of unconscious, defenses, conflicted feelings-Shapiro et al. (1994): psychodynamic-interperso

Question 19

Narrative therapy explores how what is used to construct and maintain problems?

Answer 19

Language (Etchison & Kleist, 2000)

Question 20

According to Gestalt therapy, what is the primary cue that a person is in a reactive/regressive state?

Answer 20

defensiveness (fight, flight, or freeze) (Dierks, 1996)

Question 21

What is the citation for our counseling theories book?

Answer 21

Corey, 2009

Question 22

PRO-Most experts agree that successful counseling involves tailoring treatment to client, therapist, and setting

Answer 22

Day, 2004

Question 23

PRO-Majority of English-speaking practitioners consider themselves to be integrationists/eclectic

Answer 23

Prochaska & Norcross, 2003; Jensen et al., 1990

Question 24

PRO-All theories have gaps, integration helps to fill these holes

Answer 24

Prochaska & Norcross, 2007

Question 25

PRO-Theories need to be comprehensive and adaptive to diverse settings

Answer 25

Sharf, 2004

Question 26

PRO-Rigid adherence to single theory, while proven effective for many therapies, may not be maximally effective for all clients

Answer 26

Kazdin, 1984; Wampold, 2001

Question 27

AGAINST-Theories should be parsimonious and have as few assumptions as possible

Answer 27

Sharf, 2004

Question 28

AGAINST–No consistent rationale for tx planning, assessment, interventions, or testing

Answer 28

Lazarus & Butler, 1993

Question 29

AGAINST-Integrated theories are likely to still be subject to same criticisms of the theories from which they borrow

Answer 29

Sharf, 2004

Question 30

AGAINST-Some claim that no true theoretical integration has been achieved

Answer 30

Lazarus, 1996

Question 31

Eclectic therapists ask the famous question posed by Gordon Paul: äóìWhat treatment, by whom, is most effective for this individual with that specific problem, under which set of circumstances, and how does it come about?äó

Answer 31

Paul, 1967

Question 32

Systematic Treatment Selection (STS) is a research-based, technically eclectic system that does guide us at äóìchoice points

Answer 32

Beutler et al., 2002

Question 33

8 routes to theoretical integration – citation

Answer 33

Brooks-Harris (2007)

Question 34

what are the 8 routes to therepeutic integration?

Answer 34

common factors, technical eclecticism, theoretical synthesis, multitheoretical framework, assimilative integration, thematic models, helping skills, personal integration (own belief system)

Question 35

One example of integrating theories is Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) – a combination of cognitive and psychoanalytic. What’s a citation for this?

Answer 35

Ryle, 1998; Denman, 2001

Question 36

The critical working hypothesis serves as a bridge between theory and _________________

Answer 36

Practice (Hansen & Freimuth, 1997)

Question 37

What are the 7 levels that clinicians must consider in their theoretical orientation?

Answer 37

Hansen & Freimuth, 19971. Assumptive world2. School of thought3. Theory4. Theorist5. Working hypothesis6. Strategy7. Technique

Question 38

What is the citation for the Handbook of Psychotherapy?

Answer 38

Lambert (2004) updated version of Bergin & Garfield

Question 39

What is the definition of psychotherapy?

Answer 39

äóìthe informed and intentional application of clinical methods and interpersonal stances derived from established psychological principles for the purpose of assisting people to modify their behaviors, cognitions, emotions, and/or other personal characteristics in directions that the participants deem desirableäó (Prochaska & Norcross, 2007)