Costal Change And Conflict

Question 0

How is a wave cut platform formed?

Answer 0

Rock face overhangs and the wave cut notch shows undercutting the by waves. The cliff retreats inland and and overhanging rock collapses

Question 1

How do waves erode the coast?

Answer 1

1 waves hitting the rocks forces pocketed of air into cracks. Trapped air released fast breaks up the rock (hydraulic action)

2. Waves pick up stones and hurl them agains the cliff which wears away the rock (abrasion)
3. Pebbles carried by waves become rounder and smaller as the collide (attrition)

Question 2

What is longshore drift?

Answer 2

Waves approach the coast at an angle
Swash pushes sand and gravel up the beach at the same angle
Backwash carries sand and land gravel back down the beach at 90 degrees
Sand and gravel move along the beach in a zigzag fashion
Sand is lighter than gravel so moves further up the beach

Question 3

How is a sand spit formed?

Answer 3

when there is a bend in the coastline, longshore drift carried the sand beyond the bend. It builds up as a sand spit

Question 4

How is a bar formed?

Answer 4

When longshore drift continues along the spit it joins the coastline on the other side

Question 5

Cliffs at soft rock coats..

Answer 5

Will have very few hard rocks at the foot of the cliff
Will have piles of mud and clay on the face and at the bottom of the cliff
May be high but less rugged

Question 6

Cliffs at hard rock coasts…

Answer 6

High
Steep
Rugged
Bare cliff face
Will have erosion features such as caves and stacks

Question 7

How fast a coast retreats depends on…

Answer 7

Rock type
Fetch
Number of joints and faults
Sea defences
Storms 
Cliff exposure

Question 8

What are some effects of cliff erosion?

Answer 8

Houses destroyed
Loss of roads
Farmland lost
Loss of income

Question 9

One benefit and negative of sea walls

Answer 9

Protects cliffs and buildings

Expensive

Question 10

One benefit and negative of groynes

Answer 10

Prevents sea removing sand

Exposes other areas of coastline

Question 11

One benefit and negative of

Rip rap

Answer 11

Rocks absorb wave energy

Expensive

Question 12

Facts about the holderness coast

Answer 12

• Most erosion during storms and tidal surges
• dozens of villages washed away - property prices have slumped
• cliff line is retreating at nearly 2m a year
• management strategies: groynes and rock armour in mappleton have been successful
• easily eroded and prone to slumping when saturated