Corynebacterium

Question 1

Corynebacterium contains what in the cell wall?

Answer 1

Mycolic Acid

Question 2

Where is Corynebacterium found?

Answer 2

Commensals (mucous, skin), soil and other environmental sources

Question 3

What type of pathogens are Corynebacterium?

Answer 3

Opportunistic

Question 4

What type of infections are assoc. with Corynebacterium?

Answer 4

Pyogenic infections

Question 5

C. Diphtheriae is carried in what?

Answer 5

A bacteriophage

Question 6

C. Diphtheriae causes disease in what age group?

Answer 6

Children - whooping cough

Question 7

What other corynebacterium spp. contain diphtheria toxin?

Answer 7

C. Psuedotuberculosis and C. Ulcerans

Question 8

C. Pseudotuberculosis causes what lesion in sheep and goats?

Answer 8

Caseous lymphadenitis AND chronic pyogranulomatous infections of lymph nodes

Question 9

C. pseudotuberculosis is what kind of pathogen?

Answer 9

Facultative intracellular pathogen (survives inside macrophage to produce Chronic Granulomatous Disease)

Question 10

Local lymphadenitis assoc. with C. pseudotuberculosis is caused by:

Answer 10

Penetration of skin, minor wounds, and bites

Question 11

Virulence factors of C. Pseudotuberculosis are

Answer 11

Exotocin, phospholipase D - enhances the spread of bacteria by damaging endothelial cells and increasing vascular permeability

Question 12

Damage to endothelial cells and increasing vascular permeability is caused by what virulence factor? (Of C. pseudotuberculosis)

Answer 12

Exotoxin phospholipase-D

Question 13

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis severity __________ with age

Answer 13

Increases

Question 14

C. pseudotuberculosis: Caseous lymphadenitis characteristics

Answer 14

Abscess formation in major lymph nodes (external form - common in goats)

Abscess are formed within internal organs and lymph nodes (internal form - common in sheep)

Economic losses from death

Question 15

C. pseudotuberculosis: caseous lymphadenitis features?

Answer 15

Lamellated “onion skin” appearance

Question 16

What type of necrosis is assoc. with caseous lymphadenitis?

Answer 16

Caseous necrosis - abscesses rapidly encapsulated by fibrous CT

Question 17

Cells that are no longer recognizable; tissue architecture that is lost is a characteristic of _____________ necrosis

Answer 17

Caseous

Question 18

Tissue architecture is preserves; identify of the necrotic cells is recognizable. - what type of necrosis is this?

Answer 18

Coagulative

Question 19

What are the signs assoc. with C. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 19

Abscess and chronic weight loss

Question 20

What test is used for the diagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 20

Synergistic hemolysin inhibition test (SHI) - detect Ab’s to phospholipase D exotoxin

Question 21

What are positive titers indicative of?

Answer 21

Past resolved infection, recent exposure, recent vaccination, or active lesions

Question 22

What test can you use for CONFIRMATION of C. Pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 22

Paired Titers can be used for confirmation

Question 23

Why might it be difficult to detect in young animals?

Answer 23

Due to the presence of maternal antibodies

Question 24

What can you use for treatment and control?

Answer 24

Penicillin, Rifampin, Tulathromycin

Question 25

Are vaccines available?

Answer 25

For sheep and goats, YES

Question 26

What is the disease caused in horses?

Answer 26

Pigeon fever in horses - Colorado Strangles - "dry-land distemper"

Question 27

Where are the lesions typically found?

Answer 27

On the lower extremities

Question 28

What is the disease name in cattle?

Answer 28

Bovine ulcerative lymphagitis

Question 29

What are the vectors for C. pseudotuberculosis ?

Answer 29

Arthropod Vectors : stable flies, horn flies, and house flies; OR contaminated fomites/soil

Question 30

How does C. Pseudotuberculosis enter the body?

Answer 30

Through skin abrasions

Question 31

C. Renale groups is also known as: _______________

Answer 31

Contagious Bovine Pyelonephritis

Question 32

Which 3 bacteria do C. renale contain?

Answer 32

C. renale C. cystiditis C. pilosum

Question 33

Which age group does C. renale target?

Answer 33

Adult cows

Question 34

Where does C. renale group bacteria reside?

Answer 34

Lower Urogenital Tract of cattle and sheep

Question 35

What are some AM signs assoc. with C. Renale

Answer 35

``` Temp increase Weight loss painful urination Colic Ammonia odor Decreased milk production Decreased rumen contractions ```

Question 36

What are the PM signs assoc. with C. renale?

Answer 36

- Multifocal abscesses in renal cortex, medullary, pelvis | - Uremia

Question 37

C. Kutscheri is also known as

Answer 37

Murine pseudotuberculosis

Question 38

What tissue does C. kutscheri target and what does it cause?

Answer 38

The Lungs, and suppurative penumonia

Question 39

What is the host for C. bovis?

Answer 39

MICE

Question 40

What clinical signs are associated with C. bovis?

Answer 40

Dermatitis, hyperkeratosis

Question 41

What is the disease associated with C. renale group?

Answer 41

Contagious Bovine Pyelonephritis

Question 42

What is the "bio type" that causes Pigeon Fever in Horses infected with C. pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 42

Nitrate Reducing Biotype