Antimicrobials Flashcards
Distruption of cell wall synthesis and stimulation of autolysins (degrade peptidoglycans) are the mechanisms of action of WHAT antimicrobials?
Beta-Lactams
Inhibition of protein synthesis (bind to 30s) is an action of which antimicrobial(s)?
Tetracyclines and Aminoglycosides
Inhibition of protein synthesis (binding to 50s subunit) is a function of which antimicrobial(s)?
Macrolides
B-Lactams, Aminoglycosides, and Fluoroquinolones are considered: Bactericidal OR Bacteristatic?
Bactericidal
Which antimicrobials are Bacteristatic?
Tetracyclines and Macrolides
Which antimicrobial is associated with Type 1-Hypersensitivity (anaphylactic reaction)?
Beta-Lactams
Which antimicrobial is typically used in ruminants and swine?
Tetracyclines
Tetracycline and Macrolides are considered: Bactericidal or Bacteristatic?
Bacteristatic
Which antimicrobial has Synergism with B-lactams but Physically incompatible with B-lactams?
Aminoglycosides
Inhibition of DNA gyrase and DNA replication is an action of which antimicrobial?
Fluoroquinoloes
Fluoroquinolones have synergism with ______________ and ____________
beta-lactate and aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones are NOT effective against ___________
Anaerobes
Intracellular accumulation in phagocytes is a characteristic of which antimicrobial(s)?
Macrolides
Which antimicrobial(s) are excreted though bile, feces, and urine?
Sulfa or Potentiated Sulfa Drugs
Sulfa or Potentiated Sulfa drugs are synergistic with ___________________
Diaminopyrimidines (trimethoprim, and pyrimethamine)
Penicillins, cephalosporins, sublactams, carbapenems (Imipenem), and monobactams are members of ___________
Beta-lactam antimicrobials
Because Beta-lactams rely on time-dependent killing, how does this correlate to dosing?
Need FREQUENT dosing
Antagonism of B-lactams is achieved using _____________ and ___________ antimicrobials
Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol
Tooth discoloration, cardiovascular effect, nephrotoxicity, and alteration of intestinal flora and enterocolitis is associated with which antimicrobial?
Tetracyclines
IV administration of Doxycycline may result in what (in horses)?
Cardiovascular collapse
Ototoxicity, Cranial never VII toxicity, vestibular or cochlear damage is associated with which antimicrobial and which spp. more susceptible?
Aminoglycosides and cats are more susceptible
Which antimicrobial has synergism with Beta-lactate and aminoglycosides?
Fluoroquinolones
Canine toxic shock syndrome and articular cartilage degeneration in juvenile dogs is associated to which antimicrobials?
Fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones cause what degeneration in CATS?
Retinal Degeneration
Inhibition of the nucleic acid synthesis pathway is associated with____________?
Sulfa or Potentiated Sulfa drugs
Which drugs have a broad spectrum of activity?
B-lactams, Tetracyclines, Potentiation Sulfa drugs
Which antimicrobial is a good agent against Bacteria AND Protozoa?
Sulf or Potentiated Sulfa Drugs
Which antimicrobials are excreted through the kidneys (renal excretion)
Aminoglycosides and B-lactams
What are the resistance mechanisms for B-lactams?
B-Lactamase (cleaves B-lactam ring)
Extended spectrum B-lactamase
Alteration in penicillin binding proteins
T/F: Penicillin and aminoglycosides can be mixed in the same syringe?
FALSE
What is the synergistic action of Beta-lactams and Aminoglycosides?
Facilitate entry into bacterial cells
Inhibition of B-lactamase is achieved using synergistic action of?
B-lactams + Clavulanic acid/ sulbactam/ tazobactam
Tetracycline members all of the suffix: -__________
-cycline
Time dependent antimicrobials are (2):
Tetracyclines and B-lactams
Which antimicrobial can cross the placental barrier, secreted in milk, and has anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective/immunomodulant effects?
Tetracycline
