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Looking Inside the Disordered Brain > Corticostriatal Circuit - Disorder > Flashcards

Corticostriatal Circuit - Disorder Flashcards

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1
Q

VS hypoactivity is associated with __ motivation for rewards, goal-directed behavior, and reward learning

A

decreased

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2
Q

VS hyperactivity is associated with __ motivation for stimuli not commonly associated with reward, and maladaptive goal-directed behaviors

A

increased

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3
Q

major depressive depression is VC (hypo/hyper?)activity

A

hypoactivity

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4
Q

loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities

A

anhedonia

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5
Q

advantage of monetary incentive delay tasks is to isolate circuit responses to __ and __

A

anticipation and outcome

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6
Q

VS activity __ during reward anticipation in individuals with MDD

A

decreases

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7
Q

patients w/MDD and VS hypoactivity had __ VS levels after 6 weeks of SSRI treatment

A

normal

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8
Q

patients w/MDD’s pretreatment VS hypoactivity was associated with __ anhedonic symptoms

A

greater

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9
Q

in the MID(monetary incentive delay) task, people with MDD had __ VS activity compared to those of healthy participants

A

lower

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10
Q

studies found __ difference in VS hypoactivity during the anticipation stage of healthy vs MDD patients

A

no

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11
Q

relative to healthy participants, individuals with MDD demonstrate significantly __ VS activity difference to positive stimuli

A

less

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12
Q

relative to healthy participants, individuals with MDD demonstrate __ VS activity for neutral and negative stimuli

A

similar

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13
Q

magnitude of VS activity to positive words is __ correlated with anhedonic symptoms

A

negatively

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14
Q

deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the VS results in __ activity of this circuit hub, including amygdala and PFC regions

A

increased

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15
Q

DBS targeting VS results in an almost instantaneous __ in depressive symptoms, including anhedonia

A

improvement

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16
Q

complex pattern of dysfunctional responses following exposure to a discrete, identifiable traumatic event or experience involving threat of death or serious bodily harm

A

PTSD

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17
Q

In the Israeli soldier study, __ VS activity and __ amygdala activity postdeployment characterized the soldiers at highest risk for developing PTSD-like symptoms

A

low, high

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18
Q

__ VS and __ amygdala activity reflects an inability to maintain positive affect during stressful times

A

low, high

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19
Q

characterized by persistent inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity that exceed what is typical in children of the same age

A

ADHD

20
Q

symptoms of __ include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity

A

ADHD

21
Q

ADHD is __ often seen in boys than in girls

A

more

22
Q

symptoms of __ in ADHD include being easily distracted, daydreaming, trouble following instructions, forgetting things, and switching from one activity to another

A

inattention

23
Q

symptoms of __ in ADHD include motor behaviors like fidgeting, dashing around house, moving nonstop

A

hyperactivity

24
Q

symptoms of __ in ADHD in ADHD include being impatient when required to wait, interrupting the activities of others, expressing rude comments, acting without regard for consequences

A

impulsivity

25
Q

children with ADHD lack the ability to

A

delay gratification

26
Q

ADHD is VS hypoactivity during the __ of monetary reward

A

anticipation

27
Q

in ADHD individuals, __ in VS activity has been observed during reward outcome

A

no difference

28
Q

in ADHD individuals, during anticipation of reward, VS activity is __ correlated with the symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity

A

negatively

29
Q

individuals with ADHD exhibited __ VS activity during anticipation of immediate or delayed rewards

A

decreased

30
Q

individuals with ADHD exhibited hyperactivity in __ during anticipation of delayed reward

A

dorsal striatum

31
Q

in ADHD people. the magnitude of dorsal striatum activity during anticipation of delayed but not immediate rewards was __ correlated with symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity

A

positively

32
Q

symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD may reflect a failure to __ the VS gate in anticipation of rewarding stimuli

A

activate

33
Q

__ provides an interface through which VS can activate goal-directed behaviors through cortical motor systems

A

DS

34
Q

molecular basis of ADHD is __ __ __ during reward learning

A

abnormal DA signaling

35
Q

VS hyperactivity __ impulsivity

A

predicts

36
Q

vs (hypo/hyper?)activity is observed in response to stimuli not generally found to be rewarding or pleasant

A

hyperactivity

37
Q

characterized by disregard for the needs, safety, and well-being of others as well as an inability to follow moral, societal, or legal rules

A

antisocial personality disorder

38
Q

individuals with ASPD are generally hyper __ to threat and exhibit reactive aggression, which is associated with amygdala hyperactivity

A

sensitive

39
Q

psychopathy is associated with __ and __ traits, also seen in amygdala hypoactivity

A

callous and unemotional

40
Q

__ and __ studies were used to implicate corticostriatal circuit dysfunction in the emergence of impulsive antisocial traits

A

fMRI and PET

41
Q

DA release in __ measured with __ predicted increased __ activity to monetary reward measured with __

A

VS, PET, VS, fMRI

42
Q

the magnitude of __ release and the activity of __ predicted antisocial traits, specifically those committing impulsive and delinquent acts such as assault and larceny

A

DA, VS

43
Q

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with VS __

A

hyperactivity

44
Q

VS activity to monetary reward __ as the severity of antisocial traits in a small sample of incarcerated men

A

increases

45
Q
A

Looking Inside the Disordered Brain (6 decks)

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