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Neurology and neuroscience > Cortical organisation and function > Flashcards

Cortical organisation and function Flashcards

1
Q

State the differences between grey matter and white matter in the brain.

A

Grey matter- Made up of neuronal cell bodies and glial cells.
White matter- Myelinated neuronal axons arranged in tracts.

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2
Q

What are glial cells

A

Non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses

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3
Q

What are the three different types of white matter tracts.

A

Association Fibres
Commisural Fibres
Projection Fibres

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4
Q

What do white matter tracts do in the brain

A

Connect cortical areas

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5
Q

What do Association fibres do

A

Connect areas within the same hemisphere

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6
Q

What do commisural fibres do

A

Connect homolous structures within the left and right hemisphere

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7
Q

What do projection fibres do

A

Connect the cortex with lower brain structures

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8
Q

Which association fibre connects the frontal and occipital lobes.

A

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

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9
Q

Which association fibre connects the frontal and temporal lobes.

A

Arcuate fasciculus

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10
Q

Which association fibre connects the anterior frontal and temporal lobes.

A

Uncinate Fasciculus

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11
Q

What are the 2 examples of commisural fibres in the brain.

A

Corpus Callosum
Anterior Commissure

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12
Q

What direction of movement is Afferent and Efferent.

A

Afferent- towards
Efferent- away

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13
Q

What are the projection fibres that radiate deeper into the cortex called.

A

Corona radiata

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14
Q

What are 2 examples of the primary cortices

A

-Primary Somatosensory cortex
-Primary motor cortex

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15
Q

What are the 3 motor areas of the frontal lobe.

A

-Primary motor cortex
-Supplementary area
-Premotor area

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16
Q

What is the primary motor area involved in

A

Controls fine movement and sends descending signals to execute movement.

17
Q

What is the supplementary area involved in

A

Involved in planning complex movements, (internally cued). e.g speech

18
Q

What is the premotor area involved in

A

Involved in planning movements (externally cued). e.g seeing an object you want to pick up and planning to do it.

19
Q

What cortex group is directly posterior to the central sulcus

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

20
Q

What is the full name of the 2 somatosensory cortex groups that lie in the parietal lobe.

A

-Primary somatosensory cortex
-Somatosensory association

21
Q

What are the two main cortex groups in the occipital lobe.

A

-Primary visual
-Visual association

22
Q

What are the two main cortex groups in the temporal lobe.

A

-Primary auditory
-Auditory association

23
Q

What can Frontal lobe lesions lead to (2).

A

-Changes in personality
-inappropriate behaviour

24
Q

What can Parietal lobe lesions lead to

A

CONTRALATERAL NEGLECT

25
Q

What can temporal lobe lesions lead to (2).

A

-ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA: Inability to form new memories.
-AGNOSIA: Inability to recognise

26
Q

Is the Broca’s area of motor or sensory function.

A

Motor

27
Q

Is the Wernicke’s area of motor or sensory function

A

Sensory

28
Q

What does a lesion in the Broca’s area lead to

A

EXPRESSIVE APHASIA: Problems with speech production, comprehension is fine.

29
Q

What does a lesion in the Wernickes area lead to.

A

RECEPTIVE APHASIA: Problems with speech comprehension, production is fine.

30
Q

What does a lesion in the primary visual cortex lead to.

A

Blindness

31
Q

What does a lesion in the visual association area lead to.

A

Problems interpreting vision, e.g PROSOPRAGNOSIA. inability to recognize familiar faces or remember new ones.

32
Q

What 2 imaging tests can you do to assess cortical function in the brain.

A

-Positron Emission Tomography
-Functional Magnetic Imaging

33
Q

What is MS (multiple sclerosis).

A

Autoimmune disorder, resulting in demyelination of neurons from the central nervous system.

34
Q

Describe MS symptoms.

A

Blurred vision, fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness or tingling muscle stiffness and spasms.

35
Q

What does a lesion to the arcuate fasciculus cause?

A

Conduction aphasia- inability to repeat speech (this tract links the Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area)

Neurology and neuroscience (10 decks)

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