Cortical Lesions Flashcards
1
Q
Role of Frontal Lobe in human cognition
A
- voluntary movement
- language fluency (left)
- motor prosody (right)
- comportment
- executive fxn
- motivation
2
Q
Role of Parietal Lobe in human cognition
A
- tactile sensation
- visuospatial function (right)
- attention (right)
- reading (left)
- writing (left)
- calculation (left)
3
Q
Role of Temporal Lobe in human cognition
A
- language comprehension (left)
- sensory prosody (right)
- memory
- emotion
4
Q
Role of Occipital Lobe in human cognition
A
- vision
- visual perception
- visual recognition
5
Q
Major frontal lobe syndromes
A
- Broca’s aphasia
- orbitofrontal lesions ==> disinhibition
- dorsolateral preforntal lesions ==> executive dysfxn
- medial frontal lesions ==> apathy
6
Q
Characteristics of disinhibition
A
- due to orbitofrontal lesions
- = disorder of comportment/innapropriate behavior
- variety of sx:
- irritability
- loss of empathy
- impuslivity
- hypersexuality
- hyperphagia
- violence
7
Q
Characteristics of executive dysfunction
A
- due to dorsolateral prefrontal lesions
- = dysfxn in capacity to plan, carry out, and monitor a sequentioal goal-directed action
8
Q
Characteristics of apathy
A
- due to medial frontal lesions
- = loss of motivation/erosion of initiative
9
Q
Temporal lobe syndromes
A
- Wernicke’s aphasia
- sensory aprosody
- amnesia
- emotional disorders
10
Q
Characteristics of Wernicke’s aphasia
A
- due to lesion @ posterior region of left superior temporal gyrus
- auditory comprehension of language is impaired
11
Q
Characteristics of amnesia
A
- due to hippocampal lesion
- amnesia = new learning deficit = inability to encode new memories
12
Q
Characteristics of motor/sensory aprosody
A
- motor = inability add emotional inflection to speech
- right hemispheric “Broca’s area” @ frontal lobe
- sensory = inability to understand emotional inflection in speech
- right hemispheric “Wernicke’s area” @ temporal lboe
13
Q
Characteristics of emotional dysfxn
A
- limbic system = influences basic emotions; e.g. fight or flight, feeding, sexuality
- interconnected structures w/in temporal lobe and diencephalon
- temporolimbic lesions ==>
- Temporal lobe epilepsy
- lasting personality changes, deepened emotionality, hypergraphia
14
Q
Characteristics of hemineglect
A
- due to parietal lesions
- = failure to report, respond to, or orient sensory stimuli
- more common after right hemisphere lesions (dominant for attention) ==> inattention to one side of body or extrapersonal space
15
Q
Major occipital lobe syndromes
A
- visual agnosia
- visual field deficit
