Correlation

Question 1

Correlation

Answer 1

• A mathematical technique where two variables are measured quantitatively
• So a correlation between them can be established

Question 2

Positive Correlation

Answer 2

• As one variable increases the other variable increases

- E.g. the more you revise the more you’ll score on test papers

Question 3

Negative Correlation

Answer 3

• As one variable increases the other variable decreases

- E.g. the more friends you have the less lonely you become

Question 4

Coefficient

Answer 4

• The mathematical value for any correlation, e.g:
• (+1) is a perfect positive correlation
• (0) when there is no relationship between the variables
• (-1) is a perfect weak correlation

Question 5

Correlation Strengths

Answer 5

• Show possible relationships between variables
• Sometimes this method is the most practical or ethical way of carrying out an investigation – nothing is manipulated
• High ecological validity: the numbers come from real life
• Starting point for research: if a causal relationship is found further investigation can be carried out using experiments

Question 6

Correlation Weaknesses

Answer 6

• Does not prove a causal relationship
• Subject to the weaknesses associated with of the method used to collect data e.g. observation or self-report
• Show linear relationships but not curvilinear ones e.g. the effect of stress on exam performance where its beneficial to an extent but after a while it isn’t

Question 7

Third Variable

Answer 7

• Although correlations show relationships between co-variables
• they don’t show the cause because there may a third variable causing both of the variables or they may not be related at all and each be caused by separate factors