Corrections 7

Question 1

Systemic vascular resistance in septic shock?

Answer 1

Low

Question 2

What are the main indications for placing a chest tube in suspected pleural infection? (3)

Answer 2

1) Patients with frankly purulent or turbid/cloudy pleural fluid on sampling

2) The presence of organisms identified by Gram stain and/or culture from a non-purulent pleural fluid sample

3) Pleural fluid pH <7.2 in patients with suspected pleural infection

Question 3

What is the treatment of choice for small bowel overgrowth syndrome?

Answer 3

Rifaximin

Question 4

What are the most common medications assoicated with erythema nodosum?

Answer 4

1) penicillins
2) sulfonamides e.g. sulfalazine
3) COCP

Question 5

What type of diabetes insipidus can CKD cause?

Answer 5

Nephrogenic

Question 6

What is oral (pollen) allergy syndrome?

Answer 6

A hypersensitivity reaction to raw plant-based foods which usually causes rapid onset of mild symptoms such as itching.

It is strongly linked with pollen allergies and presents with seasonal variation.

Question 7

In DIC, what blood products should be given 1st?

Answer 7

FFP and cryoprecipitate may be given whilst awaiting the results of the coagulation studies.

Question 8

Mx of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatraemic patients who don’t have severe symptoms?

Answer 8

Fluid restriction

Question 9

What are some causes of a false-negative Mantoux test?

Answer 9

1) Immunosuppression e.g. miliary TB, AIDS, steroids

2) Sarcoidosis

3) Lymphoma

4) Extremes of age

5) Fever

6) Hypoalbuminaemia, anaemia

Question 10

Mx of APS in pregnancy?

Answer 10

1) low dose aspirin: commenced once the pregnancy is confirmed on urine testing

2) LMWH: once a fetal heart is seen on US

Question 11

The mean +/- 2 standard deviations contains what % of the values?

Answer 11

95.4%

Question 12

what is De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

Answer 12

A common condition in which the sheath containing the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons is inflamed.

Question 13

Features of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

Answer 13

1) pain on the radial side of the wrist

2) tenderness over the radial styloid process

3) abduction of the thumb against resistance is painful

Question 14

What test can be used in the dx of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

Answer 14

Finkelstein’s test

The examiner pulls the thumb of the patient in ulnar deviation and longitudinal traction. In a patient with tenosynovitis this action causes pain over the radial styloid process and along the length of extensor pollisis brevis and abductor pollicis longus.

Question 15

What is iliotibial band syndrome?

Answer 15

A common cause of lateral knee pain, particularly in runners.

Features: tenderness 2-3cm above the lateral joint line

Question 16

What is the most common type of renal stone?

Answer 16

Calcium oxalate

Question 17

CT features in SAH?

Answer 17

Acute blood in the basal cisterns, sulci, fissures, and in severe cases the ventricular system.

Question 18

Echo findings in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

Answer 18

Apical ballooning of the myocardium (resembling an octopus pot)

Question 19

What is the ECG finding of deeply inverted or biphasic waves in V2-3 in a person with the previous history of angina is characteristic of?

Answer 19

Wellen’s syndrome.

This is highly specific for a critical stenosis of the LAD artery.

Question 20

In the 1ary prevention of CVD, the use of statins aims for what % reduction in non-HDL cholesterol?

Answer 20

> 40%

Question 21

What is the imaging of choice in suspected renal colic?

Answer 21

Non-contrast CT-KUB

Question 22

Mx of inguinal vs umbilical hernias in paeds?

Answer 22

Inguinal: repair ASAP

Umbilical: manage conservatively (most resolve by age 4-5y)

Question 23

Mx of