Core Counseling Attributes Flashcards
Emotional cutoff:
occurs when an individual deals withconflict by reducing contact with the other person.
The Masters and Johnson approach:
was based on the belief that many people are too critical of their own sexual performance, leading to dysfunction.Therefore, their approach was to implement strategies tochange the self-evaluation taking place.
If an individual threatens to kill himself; what is the first thing the counselor should do?
counselor should perform a risk assessment to determine whether there is imminent danger to the student. If the counselor determines that the student is actively suicidal, then measures should be taken to ensure his safety, such as hospitalization.
Cultural encapsulation:
occurs when an individual holds a narrow viewpoint and refuses to take other perspectives or viewpoints into consideration. This often leads to stereotyping of other people who come from different backgrounds.
Androgyny refers to:
the existence of both male and female physical characteristics, and some counselors provide androgynous counseling to help clients uncover both male and female characteristics on emotional and psychological levels.
Sandra Bem’s Sex-Role Inventory found that:
about 30 percent of children and college students are androgynous
Teenage suicide:
is a widespread public health problem; it is the third-leading cause of death among 10- to 24-year-olds.
Girls do tend to attempt suicide more often than boys, but boys are more successful and commit 80 percent of suicides. Though about 4,500 adolescents kill themselves every year, this rate has declined in recent years.
Groups that are greatest risk of teen suicide?
At greatest risk of suicide in this age group are American Indian and Alaska Native youth
Race :
refers to biological differences, such as physical features, that people use to differentiate minority and majority groups.
Ethnicity:
refers to the language, practices, and beliefs of a group of people. Ethnicity is usually regionally or culturally based, whereas individuals of the same race may live in separate areas of the world and have drastically different cultural experiences.
According to Strong’s social influence model of counseling:
the client may view the counselor as being the expert, in that the counselor has a special set of skills and experience; attractive, in that the client wants to gain the counselor’s approval; and trustworthy, in that the counselor is seen as caring and wanting to help. The counselor is generally not seen as authoritative, which refers to the right to exercise power over someone else.
Worldviews define how:
individuals perceive their relationships to other individuals, institutions, objects, and the environment. Our attitudes, values, and beliefs make up our worldviews and affect how we interact with others, the decisions we make, how we interpret events, and how we behave.
Emic worldviews:
refer to the belief that individuals and groups should be helped using their specific cultural lens.
Etic worldviews:
in contrast, refer to the belief that there is a global understanding of humanity that can be applied to all individuals.
Child maltreatment can refer:
to physical, emotional, psychological, or sexual abuse as well as neglect. Those children who are most at risk come from families under significant stress, such as single-parent families and those with few financial resources.
lower-income families are at greater risk of child maltreatment than middle-class families, and families with two caregivers areless likely to engage in child maltreatment than thosewith a single parent.
YAVIS:
refers to desirable clients and stands for Young, Attractive, Verbal, Intelligent, and Successful.
William Schofield in his 1964 bookPsychotherapy: The Purchase of Friendshipin which he claimed to have demonstrated that mental health professionals often have a positive bias towards clients exhibiting the YAVIS traits.
QUOID:
stands for Quiet, Ugly, Old, Indigent, and Dissimilar.
William Schofield in his 1964 bookPsychotherapy: The Purchase of Friendshipin which he claimed to have demonstrated that mental health professionals often have a positive bias towards clients exhibiting the YAVIS traits.
William Schofield in his 1964 bookPsychotherapy: The Purchase of Friendship:
in which he claimed to have demonstrated that mental health professionals often have a positive bias towards clients exhibiting the YAVIS traits.
refers to desirable clients and stands for Young, Attractive, Verbal, Intelligent, and Successful.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA) :
requires that all children between 3 and 21 be given free public education, that children with handicaps attending public school must be given an IEP (individualized education plan), that children with disabilities who attend private schools be eligible for special education services, and that children with handicaps be placed in the least restrictive environments possible. If a state meets the requirements of the law, IDEA also provides additional funds to serve eligible children from birth to age 2.
humanistic life outlook:
based on the humanistic perspective, focuses on the positive aspects of human behavior. emphasizes the client’s ability to reach self-actualization. It is formed by a combination of formal education about various topics, such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; observational learning experiences, which can help build empathy and understanding; and interpersonal interactions.
Prejudice refers to:
any preconceived judgments or opinions without sufficient knowledge, such as assuming that an individual is disrespectful and unmotivated based simply on his race and criminal background. Prejudice can be positive, butmost often it is thought of as a negative phenomenon.
Percentage of Americans that identify as LGBT?
3.5%
What age do children identify as being male or female?
by age 3
believe that if clients do not release the pain and anger associated with oppression, they will not be able to achieve freedom.
Hanna and Cardona